Question 1

The openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries are called

Accepted Answer

A)  fenestrae.
B)  gap junctions.
C)  filtration slits.
D)  macula densa.
E)  membrane channels.F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 2

At the rate of 125 ml of filtrate/minute,estimate the amount of filtrate formed in 24 hours.

Accepted Answer

A)  45 liters
B)  90 liters
C)  125 liters
D)  180 liters
E)  200 litersF) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 3

Blood loss that occurs during surgery will stimulate cells in the

Accepted Answer

A)  efferent arteriole.
B)  wall of the right atrium.
C)  proprioceptors.
D)  juxtaglomerular apparatus.
E)  None of these choices is correct.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 4

What part of the urinary bladder expands very little during bladder filling?

Accepted Answer

A)  the fundus
B)  the trigone
C)  the neck
D)  transitional epitheliumE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Plasma contains a much greater concentration of _____ than the glomerular filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A)  urea
B)  water
C)  protein
D)  sodium ions
E)  glucoseF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most filtrate (99%) is eliminated as urine.
B)  Normal filtrate contains a large amount of protein.
C)  Reabsorption of water in the filtrate may be hormonally controlled.
D)  Sodium ions are secreted into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule.
E)  Hormones play a minor role in fluid homeostasis.F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 7

A substance used to calculate plasma clearance must

Accepted Answer

A)  pass freely through the filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle.
B)  be readily reabsorbed.
C)  be either a protein or a polysaccharide.
D)  be secreted into the nephron.
E)  be produced in the kidney.F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

The vasa recta

Accepted Answer

A)  supplies blood to the glomerulus.
B)  alters the cortical solute gradient.
C)  collects excess water and solutes from the medullary interstitial fluid.
D)  collects water and solutes reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule.
E)  surrounds the collecting duct.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in kidney size
B)  loss of nephrons
C)  decreased response to hormonal control of urine volume
D)  a marked decrease in the ability to maintain homeostasisE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

The renal papillae extend into the

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex.
B)  renal columns.
C)  minor calyces.
D)  major calyces.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

What muscle is responsible for contraction of the urinary bladder during micturition?

Accepted Answer

A)  trigone
B)  internal urinary sphincter
C)  micturition mucle
D)  detrusor muscleE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

In order to regulate the pH of extracellular fluid,the kidneys are able to adjust the excretion of:

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen ions.
B)  calcium.
C)  sodium.
D)  magnesium.
E)  potassium.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 13

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus.
B)  ascending loop of Henle.
C)  distal convoluted tubule.
D)  proximal convoluted tubule.
E)  descending loop of Henle.F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 14

Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing tubular renin production.
B)  increasing tubular permeability.
C)  increasing osmosis into the tubule cells.
D)  increasing the synthesis of the transport proteins for sodium.
E)  decreasing tubular permeability.F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

Which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule,distal convoluted tubule,and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium and bicarbonate
B)  potassium and phosphate
C)  sodium and chloride
D)  bicarbonate and potassium
E)  potassium and chlorideF) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 16

Effects of aging on the kidneys include all of the following,except

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased ability to eliminate uric acid and creatine from the blood.
B)  a gradual decrease in the size of the kidneys.
C)  a gradual decrease in blood flow through the kidneys.
D)  a loss of general function.
E)  a decline in absorption and secretion.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

Which of the following statements concerning the micturition reflex is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The micturition reflex is initiated by stretching the bladder wall.
B)  Afferent signals are conducted to the sacral segments of the spinal cord by the pelvic nerves.
C)  Efferent signals are sent to the bladder by sympathetic fibers in the pelvic nerve.
D)  The micturition reflex usually produces a series of contractions of the urinary bladder.
E)  The micturition reflex is modified by centers in the pons and cerebrum.F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 18

The portion of the kidney that is composed of cone-shaped renal pyramids is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex.
B)  medulla.
C)  pelvis.
D)  calyx.
E)  columns.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

An obstruction in the afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus.
B)  renal artery.
C)  macula densa.
D)  efferent arteriole.
E)  arcuate artery.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

Removal of the posterior pituitary will immediately cause

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in urine volume.
B)  an increase in urine volume.
C)  no change in urine volume.D) A) and C)
E) B) and C)

Exam 26: Urinary System

Removal of the posterior pituitary will immediately cause

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The vasa recta

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Which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule,distal convoluted tubule,and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At the rate of 125 ml of filtrate/minute,estimate the amount of filtrate formed in 24 hours.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to regulate the pH of extracellular fluid,the kidneys are able to adjust the excretion of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An obstruction in the afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What muscle is responsible for contraction of the urinary bladder during micturition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The renal papillae extend into the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the kidneys?

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A substance used to calculate plasma clearance must

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Plasma contains a much greater concentration of _____ than the glomerular filtrate.

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What part of the urinary bladder expands very little during bladder filling?

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The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The portion of the kidney that is composed of cone-shaped renal pyramids is called the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning the micturition reflex is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Effects of aging on the kidneys include all of the following,except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood loss that occurs during surgery will stimulate cells in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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