A) erode nitrogen-containing rocks,which introduces nitrogen into the soil
B) prompt plants to release excess nitrogen gas into the atmosphere
C) convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia,making nitrogen available to plants
D) decompose dead organisms and return nitrogen to the soil
E) use the ammonia in soil to construct the amino acids plants pull in through their roots
G) A) and E)
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A) An enzyme must maintain a constantly rigid shape to properly function.
B) Enzyme shape determines what substrate the active site can bind.
C) When an enzyme binds a substrate,the enzyme's shape changes to facilitate a chemical reaction.
D) A misshapen enzyme typically improves the efficiency of a chemical reaction.
E) An enzyme that lacks a proper shape or conformation dissolves in the cytoplasm.
G) B) and C)
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A) Plants cannot move and so their seeds must be able to scatter for space and resources.
B) Pollen from male plants finds female reproductive structures for pollination through seed dispersal.
C) Plants only reproduce if their seeds are dispersed far away from the region of the parent plant.
D) Plant runners are not effective for reproduction unless seeds are dispersed from the fruit of the runners.
E) Plants reproduce asexually through seed dispersal when resources are not available for sexual reproduction.
G) A) and B)
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A) mitosis
B) binary fission
C) gene expression
D) gene transfer
E) mutations
G) D) and E)
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A) population
B) community
C) species
D) ecosystem
E) individual
G) D) and E)
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A) Humans are in the same kingdom as starfish.
B) Humans belong to order Hominidae,which also includes whales and dolphins.
C) Humans belong to phylum Chordata,which also includes fish and birds.
D) Humans are in the same genus as apes.
E) Humans belong to class Mammalia,which also includes amphibians.
G) B) and D)
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A) It raises the energy of activation,which makes the reaction it regulates less likely to occur and decreases the chemical product yield.
B) It lowers the energy of activation,which makes the reaction it catalyzes less likely to occur and slows down the production of the chemical product.
C) It decreases the energy of activation,which results in more energy being needed to initiate the reaction and increases the yield of the chemical product.
D) It increases the energy of activation,which decreases the likelihood of undesirable side reactions and increases the yield of desired products.
E) It reduces the energy of activation,which makes the reaction it facilitates more likely to occur and speeds up the production of the chemical product.
G) D) and E)
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A) Phospholipids have two fatty acid tails,whereas triglycerides have three.
B) Phospholipids store energy,whereas triglycerides are cell membrane components.
C) Phospholipids are saturated with hydrogens,whereas triglycerides are unsaturated.
D) Phospholipids have a hydrophilic phosphate group in place of one fatty acid tail.
E) Phospholipids have ribose in place of the deoxyribose used in triglycerides.
G) C) and D)
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A) 0.0475
B) 0.0025
C) 0.050
D) 0.9025
E) 0.095
G) None of the above
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A) Wolves that feed on tick-infested moose become ill,thus decreasing the wolf population.
B) Moose preyed upon by ticks increase in reproductive success and numbers,thus increasing the wolf population.
C) Moose weakened by tick infestation are easy prey for wolves,thus increasing the wolf population.
D) The tick populations that prey on moose do not affect wolf populations in any way.
E) The thriving tick populations that target moose eventually target wolves as the moose population dwindles.
G) D) and E)
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A) Because cells shrivel in a hypotonic environment,the bacterial cell wall counteracts the inward osmotic pressure and prevents the cell from being crushed.
B) Because cells swell in a hypotonic environment,the bacterial cell wall counteracts the inward osmotic pressure and prevents the cell from being crushed.
C) Because cells shrivel in a hypotonic environment,the bacterial cell wall counteracts the outward osmotic pressure and prevents the cell from bursting.
D) Because cells are osmotically balanced in a hypotonic environment,the cell wall allows water flow back and forth,continuing to maintain the osmotic balance.
E) Because cells swell in a hypotonic environment,the bacterial cell wall counteracts the outward osmotic pressure and prevents the cell from bursting.
G) C) and D)
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A) These antibiotics interfere with cell wall formation.
B) These antibiotics interfere with protein synthesis.
C) These antibiotics interfere with peptidoglycan formation.
D) These antibiotics interfere with cell membrane integrity.
E) These antibiotics interfere with DNA replication.
G) All of the above
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A) The thymus and spleen produce B cells.
B) The thymus and lymph nodes work together in humoral immunity.
C) The lymph nodes secrete lymphatic fluid.
D) Lymph nodes and the spleen filter pathogens from lymph and blood.
E) The thymus is the site of T cell development.
G) D) and E)
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A) The synthesized mRNA molecule remains in the nucleus where translation takes place.
B) The synthesized mRNA molecule leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm.
C) The synthesized mRNA molecule is broken apart by enzymes in the nucleus.
D) The transcribed DNA strand leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm.
E) The transcribed gene breaks away from the DNA strand and enters cytoplasm.
G) A) and B)
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A) transport oxygen to body tissues and carbon dioxide to the lungs
B) transport glycogen from the liver to body tissues
C) transport glucose from the digestive system to body tissues
D) transport oxygen from the small intestine to the lungs
E) transport ATP from the digestive system to body tissues
G) None of the above
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A) Large molecules can only pass through the layer of hydrophilic phospholipids.
B) The bilayer is a barrier to some,but not all,substances on either side of it.
C) The hydrophobic tails act as a barrier to nonpolar molecules.
D) The bilayer is completely nonpolar,which prevents some molecules from passing.
E) Small,nonpolar molecules do not pass through the phospholipid bilayer.
G) B) and E)
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A) Marsupials would have continued to diversify in Laurasia resulting in more marsupial species than are present today.
B) Marsupials would have decreased in the number of species with only the most fit able to survive and reproduce.
C) Marsupial mammals would have adapted to the changing northern climate along with placental mammals.
D) Marsupials would be found only in the Arctic and other northernmost continents and land masses today.
E) Marsupials would have gone extinct as they would not have been able to migrate into South America and Australia.
G) C) and D)
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A) a nucleotide sequence of at least two bases that is continuously repeated at least 30 times in a DNA strand
B) a nucleotide sequence of at least three bases that is continuously repeated in a DNA strand
C) a nucleotide sequence of at least two bases that is continuously repeated in a DNA strand
D) a nucleotide sequence of at least two bases that is discontinuously repeated in a DNA strand
E) a nucleotide sequence of at least three bases that is discontinuously repeated in a DNA strand
G) B) and D)
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A) by dividing into daughter cells that have new DNA
B) by changing the genome
C) by turning on a subset of specific genes
D) by turning on genes for basic cell function
E) by transforming into stem cells
G) None of the above
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A) Logistic growth in nature is rare,if it exists at all.
B) Logistic growth continues until a given area has reached its carrying capacity.
C) Logistic growth occurs when the death rate is significantly greater than the birth rate.
D) Logistic growth is unchecked population growth because of unlimited resources.
E) Logistic growth is population growth limited by environmental factors,such as food and water sources.
G) B) and C)
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