Question 1

Lila doesn't like her personality psychology class because the instructor uses unannounced pop exams to test the students. As a result, Lila never knows when she will be tested. Her instructor is testing her on a __________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-ratio
B)   fixed-interval
C)   variable-ratio
D)   variable-intervalE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Diego is afraid of caterpillars. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When he sees a picture of a caterpillar, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Diego's avoidance of caterpillars is being __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   extinguished, because he feels anxious after doing so
B)   enhanced, because he will never get better
C)   positively reinforced, because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down
D)   negatively reinforced, because he is rewarded by his anxiety going downE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Stopping bad behavior by taking away something good involves the application of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive reinforcement
B)   negative reinforcement
C)   positive punishment
D)   negative punishmentE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Jake has had problems with alcohol abuse. He is in a program in which he takes a drug that will make him nauseous whenever he drinks alcohol. Jake is taking part in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   behavior modification
B)   reciprocal determinism
C)   extinction
D)   classical conditioningE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Ben doesn't believe in luck. He thinks that everything that happens to him in life is a result of choices he made and actions he took. Ben exemplifies a(n)  __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   internal locus of control
B)   social learning
C)   external locus of control
D)   shapingE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Who came up with a theory of personality that argues that a personality arises from the environment's effect on behavior, behavior's effect on the environment, and the way people process their experiences?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bandura
B)   Freud
C)   Thorndike
D)   MaslowE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Mitch cleans his room. His mom gives him a dollar so that he can buy a treat from the corner store. This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive reinforcement
B)   negative reinforcement
C)   positive punishment
D)   negative punishmentE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Hailey's second-grade teacher rewards the kids in the class by giving them blue cards every time they are caught "doing something good." Hailey needs just three more cards before she can go to the treasure box to choose a prize. Hailey's teacher is using what kind of system in her class?

Accepted Answer

A)   behavioral activation system
B)   conditioned stimulus
C)   systematic desensitization
D)   token economyE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

In which partial reinforcement schedule is a reward given out after a random amount of time has passed?

Accepted Answer

A)   variable-ratio reinforcement
B)   fixed-ratio reinforcement
C)   variable-interval reinforcement
D)   fixed-interval reinforcementE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

A dog that eats canned food typically comes running to its owner when it hears the can being opened. The sound of the can opener in this instance is the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned stimulus
B)   unconditioned stimulus
C)   conditioned response
D)   unconditioned responseE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

__________ involves administering something aversive after an unwanted behavior occurs.

Accepted Answer

A)   Positive reinforcement
B)   Negative reinforcement
C)   Positive punishment
D)   Negative punishmentE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

People with a(n)  __________ believe that they can control a situation, their own rewards, and, therefore, their own fate.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-actualized potential
B)   internal locus of control
C)   external locus of control
D)   variable reinforcement scheduleE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

The basis of __________ conditioning is associating things that are not normally associated with each other.

Accepted Answer

A)   consistent
B)   stimuli
C)   classical
D)   responseE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Narrowing the conditions that produce a conditioned response is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   deconditioning
B)   generalization
C)   extinction
D)   discriminationE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Todd is prone to negative self-talk, always putting himself down. Which of the following would be the most helpful line he could say to himself to correct this tendency should something not go his way?

Accepted Answer

A)   "This was your first attempt; you will do better next time with more practice."
B)   "I am awesome."
C)   "You're a failure, and your only way not to be is to work even harder."
D)   "People love me no matter what I do."E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

How does behavior modification work for addictions, such as an addiction to alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A good answer would include the followin...

Question 17

Reversing conditioning to eliminate the conditioned response is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   deconditioning
B)   generalization
C)   flooding
D)   systematic desensitizationE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

A __________ is a program in which good behavior is rewarded with vouchers that can be exchanged for privileges.

Accepted Answer

A)   token economy
B)   conditioned stimulus
C)   systematic desensitization plan
D)   behavioral activation systemE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Give an example of positive reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement occurs when rewar...

Question 20

One of the best therapies for depression is called behavioral __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   activation
B)   determinism
C)   reinforcement
D)   actualizationE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Exam 8: How Learning Shapes Behavior

Who came up with a theory of personality that argues that a personality arises from the environment's effect on behavior, behavior's effect on the environment, and the way people process their experiences?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lila doesn't like her personality psychology class because the instructor uses unannounced pop exams to test the students. As a result, Lila never knows when she will be tested. Her instructor is testing her on a __________ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People with a(n) __________ believe that they can control a situation, their own rewards, and, therefore, their own fate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reversing conditioning to eliminate the conditioned response is referred to as __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hailey's second-grade teacher rewards the kids in the class by giving them blue cards every time they are caught "doing something good." Hailey needs just three more cards before she can go to the treasure box to choose a prize. Hailey's teacher is using what kind of system in her class?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A __________ is a program in which good behavior is rewarded with vouchers that can be exchanged for privileges.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the best therapies for depression is called behavioral __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does behavior modification work for addictions, such as an addiction to alcohol?

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer would include the followin...View AnswerShow Answer

Give an example of positive reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedPositive reinforcement occurs when rewar...View AnswerShow Answer

Stopping bad behavior by taking away something good involves the application of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jake has had problems with alcohol abuse. He is in a program in which he takes a drug that will make him nauseous whenever he drinks alcohol. Jake is taking part in __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which partial reinforcement schedule is a reward given out after a random amount of time has passed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Todd is prone to negative self-talk, always putting himself down. Which of the following would be the most helpful line he could say to himself to correct this tendency should something not go his way?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The basis of __________ conditioning is associating things that are not normally associated with each other.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mitch cleans his room. His mom gives him a dollar so that he can buy a treat from the corner store. This is an example of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ involves administering something aversive after an unwanted behavior occurs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ben doesn't believe in luck. He thinks that everything that happens to him in life is a result of choices he made and actions he took. Ben exemplifies a(n) __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A dog that eats canned food typically comes running to its owner when it hears the can being opened. The sound of the can opener in this instance is the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diego is afraid of caterpillars. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When he sees a picture of a caterpillar, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Diego's avoidance of caterpillars is being __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Narrowing the conditions that produce a conditioned response is known as __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A good answer would include the followin...
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Positive reinforcement occurs when rewar...
View Answer

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