Question 1

Which of the following couplings between neurotransmitter and neurotransmitter class is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  histamine : biogenic amine
B)  adenosine : amino acid
C)  nitric oxide : gas
D)  norepinephrine : catecholamine
E)  enkephalin : neuropeptideF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

The action of any chemical messenger ultimately depends not on the nature of the messenger, but rather on the

Accepted Answer

A)  nerve cell stimulated.
B)  half- life of the messenger.
C)  affinity of the receptor.
D)  signal transduction mechanism activated.
E)  organ system activated.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

Adenosine is degraded by nucleotidases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

For ionotropic receptors, their response the likelihood that two pulses from the same neuron will summate.

Accepted Answer

A)  rapid : decreases
B)  slow : increases
C)  rapid : does not affect
D)  rapid : increases
E)  slow : decreasesF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 5

Figure 8.1
-In Figure 8.1, if the presynaptic neuron is cholinergic, what is the structure in Step 6?

Accepted Answer

A)  dopa decarboxylase
B)  catechol- O- methyltransferase
C)  monoamine oxidase
D)  choline acetyl transferase
E)  acetylcholinesteraseF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 6

Presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release involves modifying at the axon terminal.

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium channels
B)  membrane potential
C)  sodium channels
D)  calcium influx
E)  the vesicles selected for releaseF) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 7

Postsynaptic potentials generated by neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane can be excitatory or inhibitory. Describe excitatory postsynaptic potentials and their temporal characteristics.

Accepted Answer

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP...

Question 8

At metabotropic receptors, a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotransmitter binding to a receptor stimulates a G- protein, which then activates a second messenger through one or more enzymatic actions.
B)  neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens channels that are a separate protein from the receptor.
C)  neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens or closes channels that are part of the same protein as the receptor.
D)  ion binding to a receptor opens channels in the plasma membrane.
E)  neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens or closes channels that are a separate protein from the receptor.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

What type of ion channels is necessary for the function of the axon and the axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

A)  ligand- gated
B)  chemically- gated
C)  receptor- gated
D)  mechanically- gated
E)  voltage- gatedF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

Once released, acetylcholine is degraded by extracellular enzymes into what product(s) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl CoA + choline
B)  acetate only
C)  choline only
D)  methylcholine + acetate
E)  acetate + cholineF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Neurotransmitter release occurs by what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  endocytosis
B)  secondary active transport
C)  diffusion
D)  exocytosis
E)  primary active transportF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 12

Convergence in neurophysiology refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the communication of several neurons to one postsynaptic cell
B)  the summation of graded potentials to determine whether or not an action potential will be generated
C)  the presence of EPSPs and IPSPs on a neuron at the same time
D)  the level of depolarization required to generate an action potential
E)  the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminalF) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 13

must be actively taken up by cholinergic neurons in order to synthesize neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

A)  Choline
B)  Acetyl
C)  DOPA
D)  Acetylcholine
E)  ATPF) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 14

What chemical targets CB1 receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbonic acid
B)  carbon dioxide
C)  glutamate
D)  enkephalin
E)  tetrahydrocannabinolF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 15

Biogenic amines are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  extracellular space
B)  rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)  axon hillock
D)  cytosol of the axon terminal
E)  cytosol of the cell bodyF) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 16

The similarity in structure between glutamate and GABA are indicative of the similarity in their function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Presynaptic modulation occurs at what type of synapse?

Accepted Answer

A)  axodendritic
B)  axoaxonic
C)  axosomatic
D)  dendrodendritic
E)  dendrosomaticF) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following neurotransmitters is an amino acid neurotransmitter released at inhibitory synapses?

Accepted Answer

A)  aspartate
B)  norepinephrine
C)  substance P
D)  acetylcholine
E)  glycineF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Once initiated, excitatory postsynaptic potentials last for hours, especially if a fast receptor is activated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Information travels through the nervous system along the axons as action potentials. These action potentials must be transmitted across the synaptic cleft. Describe the process whereby an action potential that has entered the axon terminal is able to induce a change in membrane potential in the postsynaptic membrane, following neurotransmitter binding to a metabotropic receptor.

Accepted Answer

indirectly through the activation of a s...

Exam 8: Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

Figure 8.1 -In Figure 8.1, if the presynaptic neuron is cholinergic, what is the structure in Step 6?

Correct Answer
verified

must be actively taken up by cholinergic neurons in order to synthesize neurotransmitter.

Correct Answer
verified

For ionotropic receptors, their response the likelihood that two pulses from the same neuron will summate.

Correct Answer
verified

The similarity in structure between glutamate and GABA are indicative of the similarity in their function.

Correct Answer
verified

Biogenic amines are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

Correct Answer
verified

The action of any chemical messenger ultimately depends not on the nature of the messenger, but rather on the

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following neurotransmitters is an amino acid neurotransmitter released at inhibitory synapses?

Correct Answer
verified

Postsynaptic potentials generated by neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane can be excitatory or inhibitory. Describe excitatory postsynaptic potentials and their temporal characteristics.

Correct Answer
verified
Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP...
View Answer

What type of ion channels is necessary for the function of the axon and the axon terminal?

Correct Answer
verified

Once initiated, excitatory postsynaptic potentials last for hours, especially if a fast receptor is activated.

Correct Answer
verified

At metabotropic receptors, a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

What chemical targets CB1 receptors?

Correct Answer
verified

Presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release involves modifying at the axon terminal.

Correct Answer
verified

Neurotransmitter release occurs by what mechanism?

Correct Answer
verified

Once released, acetylcholine is degraded by extracellular enzymes into what product(s) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Presynaptic modulation occurs at what type of synapse?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
indirectly through the activation of a s...
View Answer

Adenosine is degraded by nucleotidases.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following couplings between neurotransmitter and neurotransmitter class is INCORRECT?

Correct Answer
verified

Convergence in neurophysiology refers to which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

Figure 8.1 -In Figure 8.1, if the presynaptic neuron is cholinergic, what is the structure in Step 6?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

must be actively taken up by cholinergic neurons in order to synthesize neurotransmitter.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For ionotropic receptors, their response the likelihood that two pulses from the same neuron will summate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The similarity in structure between glutamate and GABA are indicative of the similarity in their function.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biogenic amines are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The action of any chemical messenger ultimately depends not on the nature of the messenger, but rather on the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following neurotransmitters is an amino acid neurotransmitter released at inhibitory synapses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Postsynaptic potentials generated by neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane can be excitatory or inhibitory. Describe excitatory postsynaptic potentials and their temporal characteristics.

Correct AnswerverifiedExcitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP...View AnswerShow Answer

What type of ion channels is necessary for the function of the axon and the axon terminal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Once initiated, excitatory postsynaptic potentials last for hours, especially if a fast receptor is activated.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At metabotropic receptors, a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What chemical targets CB1 receptors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release involves modifying at the axon terminal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neurotransmitter release occurs by what mechanism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Once released, acetylcholine is degraded by extracellular enzymes into what product(s) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Presynaptic modulation occurs at what type of synapse?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answerverifiedindirectly through the activation of a s...View AnswerShow Answer

Adenosine is degraded by nucleotidases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following couplings between neurotransmitter and neurotransmitter class is INCORRECT?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Convergence in neurophysiology refers to which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
indirectly through the activation of a s...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified