Question 1

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-Autocrine

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones
B)  Chemicals that act locally on nearby cells
C)  Chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal
D)  Influences same cell type from which it is secreted
E)  Chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissuesF) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 2

________ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ chemical signals are released by cells...

Question 3

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor and activates G proteins,

Accepted Answer

A)   ion channels could be opened.
B)   IP3 may be activated.
C)   cyclic AMP production may be increased.
D)   DAG may be activated.
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

Lipid-soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water-soluble molecules added to their structure in a process called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   saponification
B)   amplitude-modulation
C)   conjugation
D)   protein-bindingE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a membrane receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)   cGMP
B)   cAMP
C)   Calmodulin
D)   Phospholipase CE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-Paracrine

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones
B)  Chemicals that act locally on nearby cells
C)  Chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal
D)  Influences same cell type from which it is secreted
E)  Chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissuesF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Hormones act on specific tissues called ________ tissues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hormones act on specific tissues called ________...

Question 8

What is it about a cell that identifies it as a target cell for a hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)   The presence of a receptor specific for that hormone
B)   Its location near the gland that secretes that hormone
C)   The ability of the target cell to perform a specific function
D)   Its ability to inactivate the hormone
E)   The size of the target cellF) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 9

The endocrine system

Accepted Answer

A)   releases neurotransmitters into ducts.
B)   secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream.
C)   communicates via frequency-modulated signals.
D)   contains organs called exocrine glands.
E)   is isolated from the nervous system.F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Hormones with short half-lives

Accepted Answer

A)   are usually lipid-soluble.
B)   are maintained at relatively constant levels.
C)   have concentrations that increase slowly.
D)   regulate activities of delayed onset and long duration.
E)   regulate activities of rapid onset and short duration.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

Which of the following is a regulatory protein associated with membrane-bound receptor molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)   ATP
B)   Calcium
C)   M protein
D)   G protein
E)   DNAF) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 12

Hormone receptor molecules may be ________ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone.

Accepted Answer

A)   increased in number
B)   decreased in number
C)   chemically altered
D)   All the choices are correct.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Cortisol, a lipid-soluble hormone is released into the blood. Predict what cortisol might do.

Accepted Answer

A)   Cortisol will dissolve in the blood as free hormone.
B)   Cortisol needs fenestrated capillaries to move out of the blood stream.
C)   Cortisol will readily diffuses through capillary wall.
D)   Cortisol will be rapidly degraded by proteases in the bloodstream.
E)   Cortisol may have carbohydrates attached to give a longer half-life.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Steroid hormones

Accepted Answer

A)   bind to membrane receptors.
B)   diffuse easily through the plasma membrane.
C)   act by activating cAMP.
D)   are inactivated by phosphodiesterase.
E)   are water soluble.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

David has been feeling tired lately, and after having blood work completed, it shows elevated TSH, low iodine, and low thyroid hormone levels. Predict the possible cause from the choices below.

Accepted Answer

A)   David could possibly have a thyroid tumor.
B)   David may have iodine deficiency that is causing his thyroid to produce too little thyroid hormone.
C)   David could have a pituitary gland tumor.
D)   Too little information is given to determine the cause.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following would be an example of neural inhibition of hormonal secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased sympathetic activity leads to a decrease in insulin production.
B)   Increased parasympathetic activity leads to an increase in insulin secretion.
C)   Hypothalamic regulatory hormones increase anterior pituitary secretion.
D)   A decrease in calcium levels in the blood stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid glands.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Predict which hormone would produce longer lasting effects.

Accepted Answer

A)   Hormone A, which activates a G protein
B)   Hormone B, which binds to a nuclear receptor
C)   Hormone C, which stimulates the formation of a second messenger
D)   Hormone D, which activates adenylate cyclaseE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Hormone A has entered the cell and binds to a nuclear receptor, while hormone B binds to a membrane receptor on the outside of the cell. Which statement is TRUE? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Hormone A is in the lipid-soluble category.
B)   Hormone B is in the lipid-soluble category.
C)   Hormone B will stimulate the activation of a G protein.
D)   Hormone A will cause the formation of cAMP.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)   The hypothalamus is important to both the nervous and endocrine systems.
B)   Both the nervous and endocrine systems may utilize the same chemical molecule.
C)   Some neurons secrete hormones.
D)   Both the nervous and endocrine systems respond quickly and are active for a long time.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Phosphodiesterase functions

Accepted Answer

A)   as a membrane-bound receptor molecule.
B)   to inactivate cyclic AMP.
C)   to attach phosphate groups to enzymes.
D)   to combine GTP with cyclic AMP.
E)   activates cGMP.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Hormones act on specific tissues called ________ tissues.

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Predict which hormone would produce longer lasting effects.

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Cortisol, a lipid-soluble hormone is released into the blood. Predict what cortisol might do.

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Which of the following is a regulatory protein associated with membrane-bound receptor molecules?

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Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -Paracrine

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Phosphodiesterase functions

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Hormone receptor molecules may be ________ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone.

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Hormone A has entered the cell and binds to a nuclear receptor, while hormone B binds to a membrane receptor on the outside of the cell. Which statement is TRUE? (Check all that apply.)

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Lipid-soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water-soluble molecules added to their structure in a process called ________.

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Hormones with short half-lives

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Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is NOT true?

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Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a membrane receptor?

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David has been feeling tired lately, and after having blood work completed, it shows elevated TSH, low iodine, and low thyroid hormone levels. Predict the possible cause from the choices below.

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The endocrine system

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Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -Autocrine

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________ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

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When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor and activates G proteins,

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What is it about a cell that identifies it as a target cell for a hormone?

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Which of the following would be an example of neural inhibition of hormonal secretion?

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Steroid hormones

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