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Exam 5: Statistical Reasoning

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Question 51

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Create a graphical display for the data given. You may choose any graphic type that you feel is appropriate. Write a fewsentences explaining why you chose this type of display and a few sentences describing any interesting patterns in thedata. -The table below shows statistics for AIDS. The first column shows the estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide in various years. The second column shows the estimated number of new HIV infections worldwide in various years. $\begin{array} { c | c | c } \text { Year } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Number Living } \\\text { with HIV/AIDS } \\\text { (Millions) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { New HIV Infections } \\\text { (Millions) }\end{array} \\\hline 1997 & 30.6 & 5.8 \\1998 & 33.4 & 5.8 \\1999 & 33.6 & 5.6 \\2000 & 36.1 & 5.3 \\2001 & 40.0 & 5.0 \\2002 & 42.0 & 5.0\end{array}$

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Question 52

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The graph below shows the approximate annual percentage growth rate in world population for the years 1960 through 2010. Data is estimated by the UN Census Bureau. Use the graph to answer the question. -In which year(s) , if any, during the period 1960-2010 is world population constant?

A) None
B) 1962-1964
C) 1962-1964, 1969-1971, 1975-1980
D) 1969-1971

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Question 53

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Answer the question. -Which of the following study results implies that there is a problem with the quality of education at Rydell High?

State whether you think that the variables have strong positive correlation, weak positive correlation, strong negativecorrelation, weak negative correlation, or no correlation. -The age of a computer and its value.

Use the guidelines to evaluate the study. From the information given, what is the biggest flaw in the study? -A researcher was interested in the exercise habits of the residents of the village of Pine Heights. She interviewed every 10th person who left the post office until she had interviewed 100 people. Each Of the people interviewed was asked to rate their exercise level according to the following scheme "(1) very little, (2) some, (3) moderate, (4) a lot, (5) extensive". The researcher reported that, on Average, the residents of Pine Heights exercise moderately.

State whether you think that the variables have strong positive correlation, weak positive correlation, strong negativecorrelation, weak negative correlation, or no correlation. -Test score and height for adults

Answer as requested. -Which of the following pairs of variables is likely to have a negative correlation?

Solve the problem. -A researcher finds a positive correlation between the amount of coffee people drink and anxiety level. Can you conclude that drinking coffee causes anxiety? Propose other explanations for the correlation. Suggest some ways that the researcher could go about establishing causality. Refer to the six guidelines for establishing causality.

Answer the question. -What name is given to a statistical graph where each category has its own wedge and the wedges are displayed on top of one another?

Create a graphical display for the data given. You may choose any graphic type that you feel is appropriate. Write a fewsentences explaining why you chose this type of display and a few sentences describing any interesting patterns in thedata. -The table below shows the population by year for various countries. Population is given in millions. $\begin{array} { c | c | c | c } & \text { U.S. } & \text { Brazil } & \text { India } \\\hline 1950 & 152.3 & 53.4 & 369.9 \\1960 & 180.7 & 71.7 & 445.9 \\1970 & 205.1 & 95.7 & 555.0 \\1980 & 227.7 & 123.0 & 687.0 \\1990 & 250.1 & 151.1 & 841.7 \\2000 & 282.3 & 175.6 & 1002.7\end{array}$

Answer as requested. -Which of the following is not a guideline for establishing causality?

Describe how you would apply the five basic steps of a statistical study to the given issue. -You want to know the percentage of adults in the U.S. who have ever sought treatment from a practitioner of complementary medicine.

Answer the question. -A poll is taken of likely voters the day before the mayoral election in the town of Ingleside. The poll reveals that 54% of voters plan to vote for Anne Sanchez. The margin of error is 3.9 percentage Points. Which of the following statements best describes Anne Sanchez's chance of winning?

State whether you think that the variables have strong positive correlation, weak positive correlation, strong negativecorrelation, weak negative correlation, or no correlation. -Height and body temperature of adults.

The graph below shows the approximate annual percentage growth rate in world population for the years 1960 through 2010. Data is estimated by the UN Census Bureau. Annual Growth Rate (Percentage) Use the graph to answer the question. -In which year during the period 1960-2010 is estimated world population the greatest?

Use the indicated bin size to construct a frequency table for the set of data. Include columns for relative frequency andcumulative frequency. -On a math test, the scores of 24 students were as follows: $\begin{array} { l l l l l l l l l l l l } 96 & 73 & 77 & 62 & 77 & 77 & 96 & 85 & 77 & 68 & 88 & 73 \end{array}$ $\begin{array} { l l l l l l l l l l l l } 73 & 88 & 77 & 73 & 88 & 77 & 73 & 85 & 73 & 88 & 85 & 62 \end{array}$ $\text { Use ten-point bins } ( 60 - 69,70 - 79 \text {, etc } )$

Identify the variable as either qualitative or quantitative. -The heights of individuals in meters

Solve the problem. -For the study described below, identify the population parameter. 1500 American women working for large companies were polled to determine the percentage that Felt that women were under represented in management positions in their company.

Construct the specified histogram. -In a survey, 20 voters were asked their age. The results are summarized in the frequency table below. Construct a histogram . $\begin{array} { c | c } \text { Age } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Number of } \\\text { voters }\end{array} \\\hline 20 - 29 & 5 \\30 - 39 & 5 \\40 - 49 & 6 \\50 - 59 & 0 \\60 - 69 & 4\end{array}$

Use the guidelines to evaluate the study. Discuss flaws that you see in the study. -A researcher from an environmental group wishes to gauge political sentiment regarding a proposed environmental law. He obtains a list of 1000 email addresses from an internet provider, uses a random number table to select a random sample of 100 of these addresses, emails the people in the sample asking them "How do you feel about the proposed environmental law which will improve the quality of our air?" He requests that people respond to his question by email. After the study he announces that 72% of Americans are in favor of the new environmental law.