Question 1

A correlation coefficient shows that smoking and life expectancy are indeed related. As a result, a researcher could predict that __________ if the direction of the relationship is known.

Accepted Answer

A)   if a person smokes a lot of cigarettes, he or she will have less money monthly to buy gas
B)   the person's life expectancy will go up or down based on the number of cigarettes the person smokes daily
C)   if a person smokes cigarettes, he or she will eventually develop lung cancer
D)   a person's lungs will repair themselves and he or she will live a longer lifeE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

The tendency to look for information that supports one's own belief is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the principle of falsifiability
B)   confirmation bias
C)   criterion validity
D)   volunteer biasE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

How did Pavlov and Watson's focus on scientific inquiry of behaviors differ from the earlier viewpoints of structuralists, psychoanalysts, and functionalists?

Accepted Answer

Pavlov and Watson's focus on scientific ...

Question 4

What is meant by the "direction of the relationship" in a correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

The "direction of the relationship" in a...

Question 5

John B. Watson believed that psychology should involve the study of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   behavior
B)   the mind
C)   the brain
D)   consciousnessE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Freud believed that many unconscious desires are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the result of excessive punishment
B)   byproducts of introspection
C)   the result of excessive reinforcement
D)   sexual in natureE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Observing behavior as it happens in real-life natural settings without imposing laboratory controls is known as the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   naturalistic observation method
B)   experimental method
C)   correlational method
D)   psychometric approachE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Testing a hypothesis is the third step in a scientific investigation. This step is derived from which goal of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   description
B)   explanation
C)   prediction
D)   controlE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 9

After more than a year in Iranian prisons, 52 American hostages were released by Iran's revolutionary government and allowed to return to the United States. Of the following professionals, __________ psychologists would probably have the LEAST professional interest in that event.

Accepted Answer

A)   counseling
B)   clinical
C)   social
D)   experimentalE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

A common ethical guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association is that participants __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   may not withdraw once they start
B)   must be allowed to make an informed decision
C)   cannot be subjected to shock of any kind
D)   cannot be deceived about aspects of the researchE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

On a popular podcast, an actor describes the symptoms of anxiety he has been experiencing. He reports that the severity of the symptoms has decreased since he has been taking a drug prescribed by his therapist back in Hollywood. You conclude that the actor's therapist is probably a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   podiatrist
B)   psychiatrist
C)   clinical psychologist
D)   counseling psychologistE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Using both independent and dependent variables is associated with which of the following types of research used in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   experimentation
B)   naturalistic observation
C)   correlation
D)   correlation and experimentationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

John Watson was the founder of the school of thought that became known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   functionalism
B)   structuralism
C)   behaviorism
D)   humanismE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Which perspective best explains the bystander effect whereby individuals will be less likely to help someone in need because of the presence of others close by?

Accepted Answer

A)   sociocultural
B)   psychoanalysis
C)   behaviorism
D)   cognitive psychologyE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

What did Sigmund Freud consider to be the key to understanding the nervous disorders he observed?

Accepted Answer

A)   free will
B)   brain physiology
C)   the unconscious mind
D)   external consequencesE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following statements concerning using animals in research is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   There are no ethical guidelines when it comes to animals.
B)   There are rules that prevent the killing of animals.
C)   Pain and suffering of animals are allowed, but only when necessary, and must be minimized as much as possible.
D)   New ethical guidelines prevent the use of primates in psychological research.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

In an experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable. The manipulated variable is called the __________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)   dependent
B)   control
C)   independent
D)   hypotheticalE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Ramesh went to McDonald's to observe people eating in fast-food restaurants. He brought a camera crew and bright lights, and they all wore yellow jump suits. Ramesh said he wanted to do a naturalistic observation but may have had some problems because of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   room crowding
B)   observer effects
C)   participant observation
D)   eating McDonald's foodE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

What is cognitive neuroscience?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive neuroscience is an interdiscip...

Question 20

Darley and Latané (1968)  theorized that the presence of other people in a distressing situation decreased the likelihood that someone would receive help due to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   diffusion of anonymity
B)   diffusion of responsibility
C)   flaws in laws protecting Good Samaritans
D)   timeliness of onsetE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

Observing behavior as it happens in real-life natural settings without imposing laboratory controls is known as the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is meant by the "direction of the relationship" in a correlation coefficient?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe "direction of the relationship" in a...View AnswerShow Answer

On a popular podcast, an actor describes the symptoms of anxiety he has been experiencing. He reports that the severity of the symptoms has decreased since he has been taking a drug prescribed by his therapist back in Hollywood. You conclude that the actor's therapist is probably a __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ramesh went to McDonald's to observe people eating in fast-food restaurants. He brought a camera crew and bright lights, and they all wore yellow jump suits. Ramesh said he wanted to do a naturalistic observation but may have had some problems because of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable. The manipulated variable is called the __________ variable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A correlation coefficient shows that smoking and life expectancy are indeed related. As a result, a researcher could predict that __________ if the direction of the relationship is known.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John B. Watson believed that psychology should involve the study of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which perspective best explains the bystander effect whereby individuals will be less likely to help someone in need because of the presence of others close by?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John Watson was the founder of the school of thought that became known as __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After more than a year in Iranian prisons, 52 American hostages were released by Iran's revolutionary government and allowed to return to the United States. Of the following professionals, __________ psychologists would probably have the LEAST professional interest in that event.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning using animals in research is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Testing a hypothesis is the third step in a scientific investigation. This step is derived from which goal of psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency to look for information that supports one's own belief is called __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did Pavlov and Watson's focus on scientific inquiry of behaviors differ from the earlier viewpoints of structuralists, psychoanalysts, and functionalists?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIPavlov and Watson's focus on scientific ...View AnswerShow Answer

What did Sigmund Freud consider to be the key to understanding the nervous disorders he observed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A common ethical guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association is that participants __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Darley and Latané (1968) theorized that the presence of other people in a distressing situation decreased the likelihood that someone would receive help due to __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using both independent and dependent variables is associated with which of the following types of research used in psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is cognitive neuroscience?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AICognitive neuroscience is an interdiscip...View AnswerShow Answer

Freud believed that many unconscious desires are __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The "direction of the relationship" in a...
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Pavlov and Watson's focus on scientific ...
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Cognitive neuroscience is an interdiscip...
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