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The term ____ refers to the number of people in a given area. ​


A) density
B) mass
C) packing
D) crowding

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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The tendency to perceive ambiguous actions by others as evidence of hostility is ____.


A) common among non-human animals, but rare among humans
B) the norm among both humans and non-human animals and probably something that is genetically hardwired
C) probably uniquely human, because other animals do not have the mental hardware to make complex attributions
D) unique to people with antisocial personality disorder

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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What do most experts today say about the frustration-aggression hypothesis?


A) Most agree that frustration always prompts aggression, but most also agree that aggression can occur in the absence of frustration.
B) Most agree that aggression always arises from frustration, but most also agree that frustration does not always lead to aggression.
C) Most agree that frustration and aggression are strongly linked, but most disagree with the idea that one always involves the other.
D) Most agree with the hypothesis in full.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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____________________ is sometimes considered the grandfather of the social psychology of aggression.

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Leonard Be...

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Most social scientists believe that humans are naturally nonviolent and that society fosters and encourages violence.

A) True
B) False

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When it comes to lying, most people ____.


A) almost never lie
B) lie a few times a month
C) lie at least once a day
D) lie six to eight times a day

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which scenario illustrates instrumental aggression?


A) Rachel pushes Ted so that she can rush past him to catch a glass that is about to fall off the counter.
B) Rachel fantasizes about punching Ted, who has been getting on her nerves lately.
C) Rachel hits Ted, but only because Ted just hit her.
D) Rachel is thinking about planting drugs in Ted's desk at work so that she can get Ted fired and take over his job.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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The subjective and unpleasant feeling that there are too many people in one area is called ____.


A) density ​
B) crowding
C) bullying
D) deindividuation

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which scenario is an example of an injunctive norm?


A) Almost everywhere in the world, it is normal for people to bathe regularly.
B) Most people assume that you probably bathe regularly.
C) Most people in your culture bathe regularly.
D) Most people think that it is wise to bathe regularly, and look down on those who do not.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Jayson accidentally bumped into a guy as he was walking down the street. He anticipates that the fellow will assume the bump was on purpose and will react aggressively. Jayson is exhibiting the ____ bias.


A) hostile attribution
B) hostile perception
C) hostile expectation
D) indirect expectation

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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According to ____, human motivational forces, such as sex and aggression, are based on instincts.


A) Richard Nisbett
B) Walter Mischel
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Albert Bandura

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Is domestic violence a recent phenomenon? Is it on the rise or on the decline?


A) Domestic violence is a recent phenomenon but increasingly rejected by cultural norms and laws.
B) Domestic violence is a recent phenomenon that is apparently on the rise.
C) Domestic violence is a phenomenon with a long history but increasingly rejected by cultural norms and laws.
D) Domestic violence is a phenomenon with a long history and apparently now on the rise.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is a well-known program of aggression research based on the social learning paradigm?


A) Richard Nisbett's "culture of honor" research
B) MuzaferSherif's "Robber's Cave" research
C) Philip Zimbardo's "Stanford prison" research
D) Albert Bandura's "Bobo doll" research

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Research on domestic violence indicates that being an abusive spouse is ____ to being an abusive parent, and that being a victim of child abuse ____ to being an abusive parent in adulthood.


A) related; may or may not be related
B) related; is unrelated
C) unrelated; is related
D) unrelated; may or may not be related

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Research on aggression in toddlers and young children suggests that this group resorts to aggression to resolve conflicts ____. ​


A) more than any adolescent or adult group (e.g., even criminal or gang groups) -but does not end up committing many extremely violent crimes
B) more than any adolescent or adult group (e.g., even criminal or gang groups) -and ends up committing many extremely violent crimes
C) much less than adolescent or adult groups-and does not end up inflicting much damage or committing many extremely violent crimes
D) much less than adolescent or adult groups-but ends up committing many extremely violent crimes

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which statement is true of violence and aggression as defined in social psychology?


A) All aggressive acts are violent, and all violent acts are aggressive.
B) All aggressive acts are violent, but not all violent acts are aggressive.
C) Not all aggressive acts are violent, but all violent acts are aggressive.
D) Not all aggressive acts are violent, and not all violent acts are aggressive.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Allison is at the beach, trying to enjoy herself. However, several unpleasant environmental factors are interfering; the air is polluted (there are several huge ships nearby) , the beach is extremely noisy, and there is a foul odor that is disturbing the peace. All of these factors make it more likely that she will behave aggressively later in the day. This is probably because these factors have ____.


A) activated the fight-or-flight syndrome
B) put her in a bad mood
C) triggered reaction formation
D) triggered displaced aggression

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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What distinguishes bullying from other acts of aggression? ​


A) It is physical in nature.
B) It is social in nature.
C) It is persistent.
D) It is short-lived.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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According to research on social learning theory, when people are presented with aggressive models, what happens?


A) They experience catharsis.
B) They show a decrease in prosocial behaviors and an increase in aggressive feelings and behaviors.
C) They experience catharsis and show an increase in aggressive feelings and behaviors.
D) They experience catharsis, show a decrease in prosocial behaviors, and show an increase in aggressive feelings and behaviors.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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" Most people do not approve of excessive public displays of affection. " This is an example of a(n) ____.


A) injunctive norm
B) descriptive norm
C) standard
D) personal norm

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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