Question 1

According to Singer, which of the following historical defenders of the principle of equal consideration of interests was one of the few to recognize that the principle applies to members of other species as well as to our own?

Accepted Answer

A)   Immanuel Kant
B)   Aristotle
C)   Jeremy Bentham
D)   John Stuart MillE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

According to Carruthers, the most basic kind of wrongdoing toward animals is _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Carruthers, the most basic kind...

Question 3

Necessarily, if it is wrong to be cruel to animals, then animals have direct moral standing

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

According to Cohen, animals are

Accepted Answer

A)   moral agents.
B)   amoral.
C)   abstract reasoners
D)   all of the aboveE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 5

A moral theory that identifies moral rules with those that no rational agent could reasonably reject is a version of _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A moral theory that identifies moral rules...

Question 6

According to Norcross, there is no morally relevant difference between the clearly wrongful behavior of Fred and those who knowingly eat meat produced through factory farming.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following potentially morally relevant differences between Fred's behavior and the behavior of the consumers of factory-raised meat does Norcross not discuss?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fred's behavior involves the suffering of puppies, whereas the behavior of meat-eaters "merely" involves the suffering of chickens, pigs, cows, calves, sheep, and the like.
B)   The suffering of the puppies is necessary for gustatory pleasure, whereas the suffering of animals on factory farms is simply a by-product of the conditions dictated by economic considerations
C)   Fred could prevent the suffering of the puppies, whereas meat-eaters can't prevent the suffering of the animals they consume
D)   none of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Singer believes that the case for equality between men and women cannot validly be extended to nonhuman animals

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

According to the principle of equal consideration of interests, identical interests must be given equal moral weight only insofar as they occur in human beings

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Carruthers thinks that torturing a cat is wrong because of what it shows about the _________ of the actor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carruthers thinks that torturing a cat is...

Question 11

Roughly, for something to have _________ moral standing is for it, independent of its relation to other things or creatures, to possess features in virtue of which it deserves to be given moral consideration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Roughly, for something to have _________ moral...

Question 12

According to some defenders of meat-eating, the suffering of animals counts less than the suffering of humans (if at all)  because

Accepted Answer

A)   animals are rational and humans are not.
B)   humans are rational and animals are not.
C)   animals lack the capacity for suffering, and humans do not.
D)   animals can tolerate more suffering than humans can.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Because animals cannot be virtuous, a virtue ethics approach cannot be applied within the context of the ethics of eating animals

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Cohen accepts that humans do have some moral obligations to animals

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

According to Norcross, which of the following arguments poses a formidable challenge to any proposed criterion of full moral standing that excludes animals?

Accepted Answer

A)   the ontological argument
B)   the argument from cosmology
C)   the argument from marginal cases
D)   none of the aboveE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Carruthers approaches questions about the moral standing of nonhuman animals from the perspective of which of the following moral theories?

Accepted Answer

A)   consequentialism
B)   Kantianism
C)   virtue ethics
D)   contractualismE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 17

Mary is a person, and as such she plausibly deserves moral consideration because of features inherent to her (e.g., being self-aware) . This suggests that she has

Accepted Answer

A)   direct moral standing.
B)   indirect moral standing.
C)   relative moral standing.
D)   none of the aboveE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Norcross agrees that if a being is incapable of moral reasoning, at even the most basic level, then it cannot be

Accepted Answer

A)   a moral patient.
B)   a moral agent.
C)   an object of moral sympathy
D)   a being of value.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

According to Singer, the conclusions argued for in "all animals are equal" flow from which of the following principles alone?

Accepted Answer

A)   the principle of maximizing happiness
B)   the principal principle
C)   the principle of double effect
D)   the principle of minimizing sufferingE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Singer believes that eating animals is morally defensible, because doing so is necessary to satisfy our nutritional needs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: The Ethical Treatment of Animals

Singer believes that eating animals is morally defensible, because doing so is necessary to satisfy our nutritional needs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carruthers approaches questions about the moral standing of nonhuman animals from the perspective of which of the following moral theories?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the principle of equal consideration of interests, identical interests must be given equal moral weight only insofar as they occur in human beings

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Singer, the conclusions argued for in "all animals are equal" flow from which of the following principles alone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Singer believes that the case for equality between men and women cannot validly be extended to nonhuman animals

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Roughly, for something to have _________ moral standing is for it, independent of its relation to other things or creatures, to possess features in virtue of which it deserves to be given moral consideration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Cohen, animals are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carruthers thinks that torturing a cat is wrong because of what it shows about the _________ of the actor.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to some defenders of meat-eating, the suffering of animals counts less than the suffering of humans (if at all) because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because animals cannot be virtuous, a virtue ethics approach cannot be applied within the context of the ethics of eating animals

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Necessarily, if it is wrong to be cruel to animals, then animals have direct moral standing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A moral theory that identifies moral rules with those that no rational agent could reasonably reject is a version of _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Norcross agrees that if a being is incapable of moral reasoning, at even the most basic level, then it cannot be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Norcross, which of the following arguments poses a formidable challenge to any proposed criterion of full moral standing that excludes animals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Norcross, there is no morally relevant difference between the clearly wrongful behavior of Fred and those who knowingly eat meat produced through factory farming.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following potentially morally relevant differences between Fred's behavior and the behavior of the consumers of factory-raised meat does Norcross not discuss?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Singer, which of the following historical defenders of the principle of equal consideration of interests was one of the few to recognize that the principle applies to members of other species as well as to our own?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Carruthers, the most basic kind of wrongdoing toward animals is _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mary is a person, and as such she plausibly deserves moral consideration because of features inherent to her (e.g., being self-aware) . This suggests that she has

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cohen accepts that humans do have some moral obligations to animals

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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