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Exam 19: The Kidneys

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Question 31

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Match each step in urine formation to its description. -movement from the peritubular capillaries to the nephron lumen

A) excretion
B) filtration
C) reabsorption
D) secretion

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Question 32

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Which of the following statements about autoregulation is NOT True?

A) Myogenic response is the intrinsic ability of vascular smooth muscle to respond to pressure changes.
B) Myogenic response is a paracrine signaling mechanism.
C) In tubuloglomerular feedback, stretch-sensitive ion channels open, resulting in depolarization of smooth muscle cells.
D) In myogenic response, the macula densa cells send a paracrine message to the neighboring afferent arteriole.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Question 33

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Which statement is NOT True?

Describe GFR autoregulation, and explain why it is important.

One substance has no membrane transporters to move it but can diffuse freely through open leak channels if there is a concentration gradient.Initially, this substance's concentrations in the filtrate and extracellular fluid are equal.Later, however, the active transport of Na⁺ and other solutes creates a gradient by removing water from the lumen of the tubule where it is located.What substance is this?

If blood flow through the afferent arterioles increases,

A professor gave the following analogy of kidney function to his freshman biology class: "Imagine your desk is a disorganized mess, containing things worth keeping and things you should throw out.Instead of picking through each item one by one and considering if it is to keep or toss, you sweep your arm across your desktop in one smooth motion, knocking the entire contents of the desk into your large trash can.Then you pull the items you want to keep out of the trash can and place them back on your desk." In what ways is this analogy accurate? In what ways is it inaccurate? Some students in his class argue that the kidneys are inefficient and poorly designed.How should the professor respond? What modern medical device may he cite in his response?

The ________ branch off the ________ and supply blood to the kidneys.

The ________ lie between and around the glomerular capillaries.

Match each substance with its primary mode of transport across the kidney epithelium. -urea

Neural control of GFR is mediated by ________ that innervate ________ receptors on vascular smooth muscle causing ________.

Match each step in urine formation to its description. -movement from the glomerulus to the nephron lumen

Match each step in urine formation to its description. -movement from the nephron lumen to the blood

Urea is

A person with cirrhosis of the liver has lower than normal levels of plasma proteins and a higher than normal GFR.Explain why a decrease in plasma protein concentration would cause an increase in GFR.

The segment of the nephron between the proximal and distal tubules that loops down into the medulla of the kidney and returns back to the cortex is called the

Make a map of the following terms: blood, Bowman's capsule, collecting duct, distal tubule, excretion, external environment, filtration, loop of Henle, lumen, osmosis, peritubular capillaries, proximal tubule, urine, water.Add terms as needed.

Technically, the kidneys are located

Cysts on the kidney can press upon nephrons, raising the pressure inside the nephrons.How will this affect glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure?

Ions directly regulated by the kidney include all EXCEPT which of the following?