Question 1

Developmental (or ontogenetic)  adaptation:

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs at the individual level throughout an individual's lifetime.
B)  occurs at the individual level during childhood.
C)  involves using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
D)  occurs at the population level via natural selection.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Stressors during the prenatal stage include:

Accepted Answer

A)  a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits, and dairy products.
B)  smoking, alcohol, and drugs.
C)  heavy exercise like running and swimming.
D)  lack of exercise.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Allen's rule indicates that humans will have:

Accepted Answer

A)  larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments.
B)  smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments.
C)  longer limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments.
D)  taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Melanin:

Accepted Answer

A)  is advantageous because it provides protection from solar radiation.
B)  is a chemical that decreases the possibility of a tan.
C)  occurs at high rates in individuals with light skin tone.
D)  develops more with age.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Discuss the obesity pandemic.Include current studies that demonstrate likely causes.

Accepted Answer

Leslie Sue Lieberman shows that the incr...

Question 6

Natural selection favored alleles for light skin in:

Accepted Answer

A)  Africa.
B)  Europe.
C)  South America.
D)  Australia.E) None of the above
F) A) and B) B

Question 7

When epiphyses fuse to the diaphyses:

Accepted Answer

A)  long bone growth is slowed.
B)  full adult height is attained.
C)  the adolescent growth spurt begins.
D)  the diaphyses continue to grow but the epiphyses stop growing.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

How does human life history (prenatal stage, infancy, childhood, juvenile stage, adolescence, adulthood, old age) determine the interaction between genes and environment?

Accepted Answer

During the prenatal stage, environmental...

Question 9

For women with very low body weight, high amounts of exercise can result in:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased female fertility.
B)  increased ovarian function.
C)  a reduced ability to conceive relative to women who do not exercise.
D)  higher rates of conception than in women who do not exercise.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Functional adaptations:

Accepted Answer

A)  are important population-level genetic changes.
B)  occur at the individual level only during childhood.
C)  involve using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
D)  are biological adjustments within an individual's lifetime, including developmental adaptations and acclimatization.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Acclimatization:

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs at the individual level throughout an individual's lifetime.
B)  occurs at the individual level during childhood.
C)  involves using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
D)  occurs at the population level via natural selection.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Adolescence includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  stability in physiology, behavior, and cognition.
B)  a decline in function of tissue and many organs.
C)  eruption of dentition and increased brain growth.
D)  the development of secondary sex characteristics and interest in adult social, sexual, and economic behaviors.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 13

R.C.Lewontin found that human "races" have no taxonomic significance.He demonstrated this through:

Accepted Answer

A)  research indicating that most genetic variation is found among human races.
B)  research indicating that race categories accounted for a very small percentage of variation found across human populations.
C)  the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics.
D)  research that examined genetic diversity across different species of mammals.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

The postnatal stage includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  the first, second, and third trimesters.
B)  menarche and senescence.
C)  the growth or development of the deciduous teeth, motor skills, and cognitive abilities.
D)  the human growth cycle from the embryo stage.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Which is a major contributor to the success of our species?

Accepted Answer

A)  high fecundity
B)  body variation
C)  human adaptability
D)  skin tone variationE) None of the above
F) B) and D) C

Question 16

Discuss the origins of racism.Include early scientists and their views on human variation.

Accepted Answer

Scientists as far back as Linnaeus have ...

Question 17

Sexual dimorphism refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  onset of menarche.
B)  reduction in bone growth rate with the fusion of epiphyses.
C)  difference in sexual characteristics before versus after puberty.
D)  difference in physical attributes of males and females.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Dark skin (a result of increased melanin production in equatorial peoples)  is likely a response to ultraviolet radiation, because UV radiation can cause:

Accepted Answer

A)  skin cancer.
B)  hypoxia.
C)  rickets.
D)  hypothermia.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D) A

Question 19

Discuss how natural selection has likely influenced the evolution of skin color in humans.

Accepted Answer

Functional adaptations during the indivi...

Question 20

The prenatal stage in humans is divided into:

Accepted Answer

A)  trimesters.
B)  the neonatal period versus after the end of lactation.
C)  infancy, childhood, the juvenile period, puberty, adolescence, and adulthood.
D)  the neonatal period, infancy, the juvenile period, puberty, and adolescence.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Exam 5: Biology in the Present: Living People

Developmental (or ontogenetic) adaptation:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stressors during the prenatal stage include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Allen's rule indicates that humans will have:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Melanin:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the obesity pandemic.Include current studies that demonstrate likely causes.

Correct AnswerverifiedLeslie Sue Lieberman shows that the incr...View AnswerShow Answer

Natural selection favored alleles for light skin in:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

When epiphyses fuse to the diaphyses:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does human life history (prenatal stage, infancy, childhood, juvenile stage, adolescence, adulthood, old age) determine the interaction between genes and environment?

Correct AnswerverifiedDuring the prenatal stage, environmental...View AnswerShow Answer

For women with very low body weight, high amounts of exercise can result in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Functional adaptations:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acclimatization:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adolescence includes:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

R.C.Lewontin found that human "races" have no taxonomic significance.He demonstrated this through:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The postnatal stage includes:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is a major contributor to the success of our species?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Discuss the origins of racism.Include early scientists and their views on human variation.

Correct AnswerverifiedScientists as far back as Linnaeus have ...View AnswerShow Answer

Sexual dimorphism refers to the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dark skin (a result of increased melanin production in equatorial peoples) is likely a response to ultraviolet radiation, because UV radiation can cause:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Discuss how natural selection has likely influenced the evolution of skin color in humans.

Correct AnswerverifiedFunctional adaptations during the indivi...View AnswerShow Answer

The prenatal stage in humans is divided into:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Leslie Sue Lieberman shows that the incr...
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B

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During the prenatal stage, environmental...
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C

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Scientists as far back as Linnaeus have ...
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A

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Functional adaptations during the indivi...
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