Question 1

Which of the following types of cells in humans have fewer chromosomes than somatic cells do?

Accepted Answer

A)  lung cells
B)  gametes
C)  skin cells
D)  neuronsE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

A doctor finds that the mammary glands of a woman are not functioning due to a genetic abnormality that influences the structural design of the thoracic cavity.This is likely the result of a mutation:

Accepted Answer

A)  on the sex chromosomes.
B)  in a Hox gene.
C)  in HSV-1.
D)  in an antibody.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Define polygenic and pleiotropic traits and explain their significance for researchers' efforts to link human genotypes to phenotypes.

Accepted Answer

The relationship between most genes and ...

Question 4

________ DNA is heteroplasmic,meaning it can differ among different parts of a person's body.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nuclear
B)  All
C)  Ribosomal
D)  MitochondrialE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 5

When did Prokaryotes first appear?

Accepted Answer

A)  10,000 years ago
B)  1 mya
C)  3.5 bya
D)  65 myaE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

What determines human ABO blood types?

Accepted Answer

A)  regulatory genes
B)  multiple alleles
C)  multiple genes
D)  homeotic genesE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

In what way is the presence of a recessive allele related to the phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can always be determined from the phenotype.
B)  It can be masked in the phenotype.
C)  It is expressed in the phenotype alongside a dominant allele.
D)  It can never be expressed in the phenotype.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Why is Transfer RNA important to the production of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  It seeks complementary triplet strands of mRNA codons and contains codons that correspond to specific amino acids.
B)  It forms in the nucleus of a cell during the process of transcription,while mRNA is being created in the cytoplasm.
C)  It stops the formation of polypeptide chains.
D)  It is just like DNA but does not contain the nitrogen base uracil.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

What does meiosis produce?

Accepted Answer

A)  two gametes
B)  four gametes
C)  a single gamete
D)  identical somatic cellsE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each includes a nucleus at some stage of their development and contains a complete copy of all of an organism's DNA.
B)  They only comprise a few specialized tissues in the body but contain a complete copy of all of an organism's DNA.
C)  Each contains half a copy of an organism's DNA.
D)  They only comprise the gametes.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Why is nuclear DNA important for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It forms sequences that are templates for production of proteins or parts of proteins.
B)  It serves as a template to which amino acids are attached in protein production.
C)  It provides the code to produce tRNA.
D)  It transfers information from RNA to proteins.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

What does DNA replication produce?

Accepted Answer

A)  four identical daughter cells
B)  two identical copies of itself
C)  two single strands of DNA
D)  four single strands of DNAE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Which of the following are complementary bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine and thymine
B)  adenine and cytosine
C)  guanine and thymine
D)  guanine and uracilE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Why do microsatellites mark a key discovery in DNA research?

Accepted Answer

A)  They comprise small satellite transmitters.
B)  They determine group but not individual identification.
C)  They are highly individualized repetitive stretches of nuclear DNA.
D)  They were used as the basis of Watson and Crick's work in the 1950s.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 15

A trait's heritability is the proportion of its variation that:

Accepted Answer

A)  is genetic.
B)  cannot be explained.
C)  is the product of genes and environment.
D)  results from the environment alone.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Why do the blood types of a person providing blood for a transfusion,and the person receiving the blood,have to be of a compatible ABO type?

Accepted Answer

A)  This assures that the DNA matches between the two individuals,thus avoiding problems with genetic conflict later in life.
B)  This assures that there will not be an antibody-antigen reaction,in which the red blood cells with the "dominant" A or B alleles engulf the red blood cells with the "recessive" (O) alleles.
C)  This assures that antigens of one type of blood cell do not attract the notice of the antibodies in the recipient's blood stream.
D)  This assures that a methylation effect will not occur between the two sets of blood cells.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

An individual that is homozygous at the locus that determines ABO blood type may have type ________ blood:

Accepted Answer

A)  O,A,or B
B)  A,B,or AB
C)  A,AB,or O
D)  ABE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

A cell containing a gene for blond hair and blue eyes as well as genes for brown hair and brown eyes goes through meiosis.What is the chance that each of these gametes will have a combination of brown hair and blue eyes?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no chance this will happen.
B)  There is the same chance as blond hair and brown eyes.
C)  Brown hair and blue eyes is the only outcome because of recombination.
D)  There is a 5% chance this will happen.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

During which process is chromosome number reduced?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitosis
B)  recombination
C)  translation
D)  meiosisE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Under what circumstances can Down syndrome occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  as a result of translocation during mitosis
B)  because of nondisjunction,which yields an extra chromosome
C)  most frequently in the offspring of women under the age of 40
D)  most frequently in the offspring of men under the age of 40E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Exam 3: Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing Variation

What does meiosis produce?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following types of cells in humans have fewer chromosomes than somatic cells do?

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Why do microsatellites mark a key discovery in DNA research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ DNA is heteroplasmic,meaning it can differ among different parts of a person's body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do the blood types of a person providing blood for a transfusion,and the person receiving the blood,have to be of a compatible ABO type?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under what circumstances can Down syndrome occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define polygenic and pleiotropic traits and explain their significance for researchers' efforts to link human genotypes to phenotypes.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe relationship between most genes and ...View AnswerShow Answer

When did Prokaryotes first appear?

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What does DNA replication produce?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is nuclear DNA important for protein synthesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is Transfer RNA important to the production of proteins?

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What determines human ABO blood types?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A cell containing a gene for blond hair and blue eyes as well as genes for brown hair and brown eyes goes through meiosis.What is the chance that each of these gametes will have a combination of brown hair and blue eyes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A trait's heritability is the proportion of its variation that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A doctor finds that the mammary glands of a woman are not functioning due to a genetic abnormality that influences the structural design of the thoracic cavity.This is likely the result of a mutation:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are complementary bases in DNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During which process is chromosome number reduced?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a characteristic of somatic cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what way is the presence of a recessive allele related to the phenotype?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An individual that is homozygous at the locus that determines ABO blood type may have type ________ blood:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The relationship between most genes and ...
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