Question 1

In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu admired which constitution as the wisest?

Accepted Answer

A)  the French
B)  the English
C)  the Roman
D)  the GermanE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Toland and other deists regarded God as

Accepted Answer

A)  integrally involved with day-to-day events in the world.
B)  like a divine ruler,deciding the fates of individual subjects.
C)  a servant to human whim and desire.
D)  like a divine watchmaker,who had set nature to work.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

The philosophes objected to Christianity for all of the following reasons except that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it bred a fanaticism that led people to commit crimes in the name of religion.
B)  its doctrines were not being supported by the monarchs of Europe.
C)  it was internally divided,which led to political divisions among countries.
D)  it served to turn the population into mindless followers.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Adam Smith’s four stage theory

Accepted Answer

A)  gave philosophical justification to a European sense of superiority.
B)  implied that the highest historical stage of society was an age of mass consumption.
C)  favored the role of farmers and agriculture in economic life.
D)  suggested that all societies follow different paths of social and economic development.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The Encyclopedia project was led by

Accepted Answer

A)  Diderot.
B)  Voltaire.
C)  Montesquieu.
D)  Rousseau.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

How did Enlightenment thinkers view the role of women? How much,if at all,did the Enlightenment affect the position of women in European society? Was their treatment of women a continuation or departure from their other beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Enlightenment thinkers had varying views...

Question 7

Which is the best descriptor of the relationship, according to Newton, between mathematics and Baconian empiricism?

Accepted Answer

A)  identical
B)  contradictory
C)  complementary
D)  competitiveE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

How did Europeans tend to view themselves in relation to the other peoples of the world? What do you think were the major bases for this belief? What role did the Enlightenment play in changing European perceptions of their role in the world?

Accepted Answer

Europeans tended to view themselves as s...

Question 9

Why did the philosophes consider organized religion to be their greatest enemy? Discuss the basic tenets of deism.On what grounds did deists criticize traditional Christianity? How did they try to improve upon traditional beliefs?

Accepted Answer

The philosophes considered organized rel...

Question 10

What were some of John Locke's most important ideas? Most specifically,discuss his views contained in Essay Concerning Human Understanding,Two Treatises of Government,and Letter Concerning Toleration.How would you evaluate John Locke's influence on modern thought?

Accepted Answer

John Locke was a prominent philosopher d...

Question 11

During the Enlightenment, salon culture

Accepted Answer

A)  provided a pivotal role for women as purveyors of new ideas.
B)  relegated women to frivolous roles as hostesses of tea parties.
C)  limited the influence of women to the domestic sphere.
D)  promoted the principle of equality for women of all social classes.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

The primary aim of Russian expansion in the 17th and 18th centuries was to

Accepted Answer

A)  unite the Slavic people in a single empire.
B)  secure navigable ports.
C)  counter threats from the rising powers in Asia.
D)  prevent internal revolts from destabilizing the government.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Compare and contrast the Ptolemaic and the Copernican systems.Are they different from a technical or a conceptual perspective? What are the philosophical and religious implications of embracing one or the other?

Accepted Answer

The Ptolemaic and Copernican systems are...

Question 14

Galileo publicized his findings and the arguments for the Copernican system in numerous works, the most famous of which was his

Accepted Answer

A)  On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres.
B)  Dialogues on the Two Chief Systems of the World.
C)  On the Motion of Mars.
D)  The Starry Messenger.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

How did the Enlightenment change basic Western attitudes toward reform,faith,and reason? What were the major formative influences on the philosophes? How important were Voltaire and the Encyclopedia in the success of the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment had a profound impact ...

Question 16

According to Rousseau,

Accepted Answer

A)  women should be educated for a position subordinate to men.
B)  women are equal to men in virtually all respects.
C)  women should be included in both social and political life.
D)  only minimal contact should occur between the two sexes.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Copernicus's main contribution to the Scientific Revolution was

Accepted Answer

A)  a new emphasis on empirical observation.
B)  the suggestion that the earth moved around the sun in a circle.
C)  the use of the telescope to compile accurate astronomical data.
D)  the suggestion that the orbits of planets were elliptical.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

The Scientific Revolution was revolutionary in the sense that it

Accepted Answer

A)  involved thousands of people in the pursuit of scientific goals.
B)  set the standard for evaluating knowledge in the Western world.
C)  rejected all traditional knowledge in favor of new discoveries.
D)  led to the replacement of the craftsman with the scientist.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 21: The Age of European Enlightenment

How did Enlightenment thinkers view the role of women? How much,if at all,did the Enlightenment affect the position of women in European society? Was their treatment of women a continuation or departure from their other beliefs?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Enlightenment thinkers had varying views...
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Adam Smith’s four stage theory

Correct Answer
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During the Enlightenment, salon culture

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According to Rousseau,

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How did the Enlightenment change basic Western attitudes toward reform,faith,and reason? What were the major formative influences on the philosophes? How important were Voltaire and the Encyclopedia in the success of the Enlightenment?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The Enlightenment had a profound impact ...
View Answer

What were some of John Locke's most important ideas? Most specifically,discuss his views contained in Essay Concerning Human Understanding,Two Treatises of Government,and Letter Concerning Toleration.How would you evaluate John Locke's influence on modern thought?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
John Locke was a prominent philosopher d...
View Answer

Why did the philosophes consider organized religion to be their greatest enemy? Discuss the basic tenets of deism.On what grounds did deists criticize traditional Christianity? How did they try to improve upon traditional beliefs?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The philosophes considered organized rel...
View Answer

Toland and other deists regarded God as

Correct Answer
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The primary aim of Russian expansion in the 17th and 18th centuries was to

Correct Answer
verified

Galileo publicized his findings and the arguments for the Copernican system in numerous works, the most famous of which was his

Correct Answer
verified

Copernicus's main contribution to the Scientific Revolution was

Correct Answer
verified

Compare and contrast the Ptolemaic and the Copernican systems.Are they different from a technical or a conceptual perspective? What are the philosophical and religious implications of embracing one or the other?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The Ptolemaic and Copernican systems are...
View Answer

The Scientific Revolution was revolutionary in the sense that it

Correct Answer
verified

The Encyclopedia project was led by

Correct Answer
verified

Which is the best descriptor of the relationship, according to Newton, between mathematics and Baconian empiricism?

Correct Answer
verified

In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu admired which constitution as the wisest?

Correct Answer
verified

The philosophes objected to Christianity for all of the following reasons except that:

Correct Answer
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How did Europeans tend to view themselves in relation to the other peoples of the world? What do you think were the major bases for this belief? What role did the Enlightenment play in changing European perceptions of their role in the world?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Europeans tended to view themselves as s...
View Answer

Exam 21: The Age of European Enlightenment

How did Enlightenment thinkers view the role of women? How much,if at all,did the Enlightenment affect the position of women in European society? Was their treatment of women a continuation or departure from their other beliefs?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIEnlightenment thinkers had varying views...View AnswerShow Answer

Adam Smith’s four stage theory

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During the Enlightenment, salon culture

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According to Rousseau,

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How did the Enlightenment change basic Western attitudes toward reform,faith,and reason? What were the major formative influences on the philosophes? How important were Voltaire and the Encyclopedia in the success of the Enlightenment?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe Enlightenment had a profound impact ...View AnswerShow Answer

What were some of John Locke's most important ideas? Most specifically,discuss his views contained in Essay Concerning Human Understanding,Two Treatises of Government,and Letter Concerning Toleration.How would you evaluate John Locke's influence on modern thought?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIJohn Locke was a prominent philosopher d...View AnswerShow Answer

Why did the philosophes consider organized religion to be their greatest enemy? Discuss the basic tenets of deism.On what grounds did deists criticize traditional Christianity? How did they try to improve upon traditional beliefs?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe philosophes considered organized rel...View AnswerShow Answer

Toland and other deists regarded God as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary aim of Russian expansion in the 17th and 18th centuries was to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Galileo publicized his findings and the arguments for the Copernican system in numerous works, the most famous of which was his

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Copernicus's main contribution to the Scientific Revolution was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare and contrast the Ptolemaic and the Copernican systems.Are they different from a technical or a conceptual perspective? What are the philosophical and religious implications of embracing one or the other?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe Ptolemaic and Copernican systems are...View AnswerShow Answer

The Scientific Revolution was revolutionary in the sense that it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Encyclopedia project was led by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is the best descriptor of the relationship, according to Newton, between mathematics and Baconian empiricism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu admired which constitution as the wisest?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The philosophes objected to Christianity for all of the following reasons except that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did Europeans tend to view themselves in relation to the other peoples of the world? What do you think were the major bases for this belief? What role did the Enlightenment play in changing European perceptions of their role in the world?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIEuropeans tended to view themselves as s...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Enlightenment thinkers had varying views...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The Enlightenment had a profound impact ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
John Locke was a prominent philosopher d...
View Answer

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The philosophes considered organized rel...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The Ptolemaic and Copernican systems are...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Europeans tended to view themselves as s...
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