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Exam 5: Short-Term and Working Memory

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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Chase and Simon's research compared memory of chess masters and beginners for the position of game pieces on sample chess boards.They found that the chess master remembered positions better when the arrangement of the pieces was consistent with a real game but not when the pieces were randomly placed.The significance of this finding was that

A) experts show larger primacy and recency effects than beginners.
B) knowledge in an area of expertise increases a person's digit span.
C) expertise with some material reduces susceptibility to proactive interference with that material.
D) chunking requires knowledge of familiar patterns or concepts.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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D

Question 2

Multiple Choice

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The primary effect of chunking is to

A) maximize the recency effect.
B) increase memory for items by grouping them together based on sound.
C) develop a visual code to supplement a phonological code for the information.
D) stretch the capacity of STM.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following sets of results shows evidence of proactive interference with a three-trial recall task? (Note: Read the selections as percent correct for Trial 1: Trial 2: Trial 3)

Peterson and Peterson studied how well participants can remember groups of three letters (like BRT, QSD) after various delays.They found that participants remembered an average of 80 percent of the groups after 3 seconds but only 10 percent after 18 seconds.They hypothesized that this decrease in performance was due to _____, but later research showed that it was actually due to _____.

Articulatory suppression causes a decrease in the word-length effect because

STM's capacity is best estimated as seven (plus or minus two)

According to your text, students often overlook functions of memory they take for granted such as

When a sparkler is twirled rapidly, people perceive a circle of light.This occurs because

Shanta has frontal lobe damage.She is doing a problem solving task in which she has to choose the red object out of many choices.She can easily complete this repeatedly, but when the experimenter asks her to choose the blue object on a new trial of the task, she continues to choose the red one, even when the experimenter gives her feedback that she is incorrect.Shanta is displaying

Articulatory suppression does all of the following EXCEPT it

Models designed to explain mental functioning are constantly refined and modified to explain new results.Which of the following exemplifies this concept based on the results presented in your text?

It is easier to perform two tasks at the same time if

The effective duration of short-term memory, when rehearsal is prevented, is

Given what we know about the operation of the phonological loop, which of the following word lists would be most difficult for people to retain for 15 seconds?

The episodic buffer directly connects to which two components in Baddley's model of memory?

If a person has a digit span of two, this indicates that he has _____ memory.

Funahashi and coworkers recorded neurons in the PF cortex of monkeys during a delayed response task.These neurons showed the most intense firing during

According to the model of working memory, which of the following mental tasks should LEAST adversely affect people's driving performance while operating a car along an unfamiliar, winding road?

The conclusion from the experiment in which a chess master and a chess novice were asked to remember the positions of chess pieces on a chess board was that

The emphasis of the concept of working memory is on how information is