Question 1

Which of the following can help us sift reality from illusion?

Accepted Answer

A)   intuition
B)   scientific inquiry
C)   overconfidence
D)   hindsight biasE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

One research team randomly assigned hospitalized premature infants either to formula feedings or to breast-milk feedings.Which research method did they use?

Accepted Answer

A)   case study
B)   experimentation
C)   naturalistic observation
D)   correlational researchE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a descriptive method?

Accepted Answer

A)   case study
B)   naturalistic observation
C)   survey
D)   experimentE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

In an experiment,the group that is not exposed to the treatment being tested is called the ________ group.

Accepted Answer

A)   standardized
B)   naturalistic
C)   placebo
D)   controlE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Dr.Tate is an excellent researcher.She is curious,humble,and skeptical.These are all characteristics of

Accepted Answer

A)   having a scientific attitude.
B)   using the scientific method.
C)   forming a theory.
D)   testing a hypothesis.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Although Soren once scored 37 points during a single high school basketball game,he was subsequently unable to beat or match this record no matter how hard he tried.His experience may be at least partially explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)   an illusion of control.
B)   regression toward the mean.
C)   illusory correlation.
D)   random assignment.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

A hypothesis is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   observable relationship between specific independent and dependent variables.
B)   testable prediction that gives direction to research.
C)   set of principles that organizes observations and explains newly discovered facts.
D)   unprovable assumption about the unobservable processes that underlie psychological functioning.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Researchers examining people's opinion on same-sex marriage have found that respondents are more likely to support references to "marriage equality" than "gay marriage." This finding demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)   random sampling.
B)   naturalistic observation.
C)   wording effects.
D)   the case study.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

To assess whether sense of humor is affected by sexual stimulation,researchers exposed married couples to either sexually stimulating or to sexually nonstimulating movie scenes prior to watching a comedy skit.In this research,the independent variable consisted of

Accepted Answer

A)   reactions to the comedy skit.
B)   level of sexual stimulation.
C)   marital status.
D)   sense of humor.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

After carefully studying how three single parents dealt with the loss of their jobs,Dr.Phong began to overestimate the national rate of unemployment.In this instance,Dr.Phong should be warned that ________ may be misleading.

Accepted Answer

A)   surveys
B)   case studies
C)   dependent variables
D)   random samplesE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Naturalistic observation is most useful for

Accepted Answer

A)   describing behaviors.
B)   predicting attitudes.
C)   explaining complex emotions.
D)   detecting cause-effect relationships.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

To assess the effectiveness of flu vaccine for county residents,Mr.McCallum wants to administer vaccine injections to all county residents rather than give half of them a placebo injection.Mr.McCallum is most clearly underestimating the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   testing a large sample.
B)   operationally defining his procedures.
C)   replicating observations of other researchers.
D)   creating a control group.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

A research method in which an investigator manipulates factors that potentially produce a particular effect is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   survey.
B)   experiment.
C)   case study.
D)   correlation.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

The survey is a research method in which

Accepted Answer

A)   individuals are carefully observed in their natural environment.
B)   a representative random sample of individuals are questioned regarding their attitudes or behaviors.
C)   an individual or group is studied in great depth.
D)   an investigator determines the extent to which two variables influence each other.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Sigmund Freud,Abraham Maslow,Erik Erikson,and Carl Rogers all developed ways to explain behaviors or events by offering ideas that organize observations.Their ideas are called

Accepted Answer

A)   theories.
B)   patterns in random events.
C)   the scientific method.
D)   scientific inquiry.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 16

The simplified reality of laboratory experiments is most helpful in enabling psychologists to

Accepted Answer

A)   predict human behavior in almost all situations.
B)   perceive order in completely random events.
C)   develop general principles that help explain behavior.
D)   observe random samples of human conduct.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

An inverse relationship in which scores for one variable increase as scores for another variable decrease represents

Accepted Answer

A)   a confounding variable.
B)   random assignment.
C)   replication.
D)   a negative correlation.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Operational definitions are most likely to facilitate

Accepted Answer

A)   replication.
B)   positive correlations.
C)   regression toward the mean.
D)   the placebo effect.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association and the British Psychological Society urge investigators to

Accepted Answer

A)   forewarn potential research participants of the exact hypotheses that the research will test.
B)   avoid the use of laboratory experiments when the behaviors of interest can be directly observed in natural settings.
C)   ensure that research participants give informed consent before participating in the research.
D)   avoid the use of monetary incentives in recruiting people to participate in research.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

A graphed cluster of dots,each of which represents the values of two factors,is called a

Accepted Answer

A)   replication.
B)   scatterplot.
C)   control group.
D)   correlation coefficient.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 2: Thinking Critically with Psychological Science

Sigmund Freud,Abraham Maslow,Erik Erikson,and Carl Rogers all developed ways to explain behaviors or events by offering ideas that organize observations.Their ideas are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A hypothesis is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An inverse relationship in which scores for one variable increase as scores for another variable decrease represents

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers examining people's opinion on same-sex marriage have found that respondents are more likely to support references to "marriage equality" than "gay marriage." This finding demonstrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The survey is a research method in which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following can help us sift reality from illusion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One research team randomly assigned hospitalized premature infants either to formula feedings or to breast-milk feedings.Which research method did they use?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a descriptive method?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment,the group that is not exposed to the treatment being tested is called the ________ group.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Tate is an excellent researcher.She is curious,humble,and skeptical.These are all characteristics of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A graphed cluster of dots,each of which represents the values of two factors,is called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Naturalistic observation is most useful for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A research method in which an investigator manipulates factors that potentially produce a particular effect is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After carefully studying how three single parents dealt with the loss of their jobs,Dr.Phong began to overestimate the national rate of unemployment.In this instance,Dr.Phong should be warned that ________ may be misleading.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To assess whether sense of humor is affected by sexual stimulation,researchers exposed married couples to either sexually stimulating or to sexually nonstimulating movie scenes prior to watching a comedy skit.In this research,the independent variable consisted of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To assess the effectiveness of flu vaccine for county residents,Mr.McCallum wants to administer vaccine injections to all county residents rather than give half of them a placebo injection.Mr.McCallum is most clearly underestimating the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Operational definitions are most likely to facilitate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association and the British Psychological Society urge investigators to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The simplified reality of laboratory experiments is most helpful in enabling psychologists to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although Soren once scored 37 points during a single high school basketball game,he was subsequently unable to beat or match this record no matter how hard he tried.His experience may be at least partially explained in terms of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified