Question 1

Pavlov's studies of classical conditioning were most clearly valuable because they provided the young discipline of psychology with a model of

Accepted Answer

A)   animal consciousness.
B)   scientific methodology.
C)   cognitive processes.
D)   introspection.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Researchers condition a flatworm to contract when exposed to light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock.The electric shock is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   primary conditioner.
B)   conditioned stimulus.
C)   secondary conditioner.
D)   unconditioned stimulus.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

After getting a slight burn from the spark of a flickering campfire,Julie became afraid of getting close to lighted gas stoves.This best illustrates the adaptive value of

Accepted Answer

A)   observational learning.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   generalization.
D)   higher-order conditioning.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Acquiring new habits best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   discrimination.
B)   generalization.
C)   learning.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following is most clearly an operant behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   blinking
B)   salivating
C)   complaining
D)   blushingE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Adaptability is

Accepted Answer

A)   the process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring information or behaviors.
B)   our ability to connect events that occur in sequence.
C)   our capacity to learn new behaviors that help us cope with our changing world.
D)   any event or situation that evokes a response.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

A dog salivates to the sound of a tone because the tone has regularly been associated with the delivery of food.In this case,the tone is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   unconditioned stimulus.
B)   primary conditioner.
C)   conditioned stimulus.
D)   neutral stimulus.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Spontaneous recovery refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)   expression of learning that had occurred earlier but had not been expressed because of lack of incentive.
B)   organism's tendency to respond spontaneously to stimuli similar to the CS as though they were the CS.
C)   repetition of operant behaviors that are rewarded.
D)   reappearance,after a pause,of an extinguished conditioned response.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

The type of learning in which one comes to associate two stimuli and thereby anticipate events is called

Accepted Answer

A)   respondent behavior.
B)   classical conditioning.
C)   spontaneous recovery.
D)   operant conditioning.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

A dog's salivation at the sight of a food dish is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned stimulus.
B)   unconditioned stimulus.
C)   unconditioned response.
D)   conditioned response.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Behaviorists such as John B.Watson would have been LEAST likely to attribute a child's behavior to

Accepted Answer

A)   mindless habits.
B)   peer pressure.
C)   conscious intentions.
D)   parental discipline.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

To assess whether Mrs.Webster had suffered a brain injury,researchers conditioned her to blink in response to a sound that signaled the delivery of a puff of air directed toward her face.In this application of classical conditioning,the sound was a

Accepted Answer

A)   US.
B)   UR.
C)   CS.
D)   CR.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Because of the discomfort and embarrassment associated with his childhood bed-wetting,Andrew becomes nervous whenever he senses an urge to urinate.If genital arousal subsequently makes Andrew unusually anxious,this would best illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)   observational learning.
B)   generalization.
C)   spontaneous recovery.
D)   an unconditioned response.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Dogs conditioned to salivate to stimulation of the thigh also begin to salivate when stimulated on other body parts.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   an unconditioned response.
C)   an operant behavior.
D)   generalization.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

The diminishing of a conditioned response is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   extinction.
B)   generalization.
C)   acquisition.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

The reappearance,after a time lapse,of an extinguished CR is called

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   discrimination.
D)   higher-order conditioning.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

________ is biologically adaptive because it helps humans and other animals prepare for good and bad events.

Accepted Answer

A)   Behaviorism
B)   Cognitive learning
C)   Classical conditioning
D)   AdaptabilityE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Male Japanese quail became sexually aroused by a red light that had previously been associated with the presentation of a female quail.In this instance,the female quail is a

Accepted Answer

A)   UR.
B)   US.
C)   CR.
D)   CS.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a respondent behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   studying for a test
B)   blushing when embarrassed
C)   thanking someone for their help
D)   sniffing to locate the source of a strange odorE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Behaviorism was the view that psychology should scientifically study behavior without reference to

Accepted Answer

A)   schedules of reinforcement.
B)   neutral stimuli.
C)   punishment.
D)   mental processes.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 20: Drugs and Consciousness

Spontaneous recovery refers to the

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A dog's salivation at the sight of a food dish is a(n)

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The type of learning in which one comes to associate two stimuli and thereby anticipate events is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dogs conditioned to salivate to stimulation of the thigh also begin to salivate when stimulated on other body parts.This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Male Japanese quail became sexually aroused by a red light that had previously been associated with the presentation of a female quail.In this instance,the female quail is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pavlov's studies of classical conditioning were most clearly valuable because they provided the young discipline of psychology with a model of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ is biologically adaptive because it helps humans and other animals prepare for good and bad events.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The diminishing of a conditioned response is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most clearly an operant behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Behaviorists such as John B.Watson would have been LEAST likely to attribute a child's behavior to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of a respondent behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Behaviorism was the view that psychology should scientifically study behavior without reference to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers condition a flatworm to contract when exposed to light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock.The electric shock is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A dog salivates to the sound of a tone because the tone has regularly been associated with the delivery of food.In this case,the tone is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reappearance,after a time lapse,of an extinguished CR is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because of the discomfort and embarrassment associated with his childhood bed-wetting,Andrew becomes nervous whenever he senses an urge to urinate.If genital arousal subsequently makes Andrew unusually anxious,this would best illustrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After getting a slight burn from the spark of a flickering campfire,Julie became afraid of getting close to lighted gas stoves.This best illustrates the adaptive value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To assess whether Mrs.Webster had suffered a brain injury,researchers conditioned her to blink in response to a sound that signaled the delivery of a puff of air directed toward her face.In this application of classical conditioning,the sound was a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adaptability is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acquiring new habits best illustrates the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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