Question 1

A small marine amphipod has recently been discovered that carries another organism on its back.The "backpack" organism tastes bad.If a fish ingests the pair,it immediately spits them back out.If the amphipod is alone,however,it is readily eaten and swallowed.There is no apparent benefit in this relationship for the "backpack" organism,which appears to be neither helped nor harmed.This is therefore a case of

Accepted Answer

A)  mutualism.
B)  parasitism.
C)  commensalism.
D)  competitive exclusion.
E)  predation.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 2

An intimate relationship between two different species is called

Accepted Answer

A)  competition.
B)  a community.
C)  an ecosystem.
D)  predation.
E)  symbiosis.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 3

An ecosystem contains

Accepted Answer

A)  only the biotic (living) components of the environment.
B)  only the abiotic (nonliving) components of the environment.
C)  only the energy flow components of an environment.
D)  both the living organisms and the abiotic components of the environment.
E)  only the food relationships found in an environment.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an anti-predator defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plant chemicals,including coffee and tea caffeine,make caterpillars sick or jittery.
B)  The large eyespots on a moth's wing are exposed abruptly to startle a hungry bird.
C)  Many trees,vines,and shrubs have stems lines with long thorns.
D)  Prairie dog towns always have several prairie "watchdogs" to alert them of approaching hawks and snakes.
E)  Many plants have brightly colored fruit and flowers.F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

In a pine forest,few other species of plants grow under the pines because the needles of pine trees are acidic and make the soil more acidic.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the facilitation model.
B)  the tolerance model.
C)  the inhibition model.
D)  an opportunistic model.
E)  the climax model.F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 6

The outbreak of a disease,such as the bubonic plague,that kills large numbers of people in a city is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a density-independent factor.
B)  a density-dependent factor.
C)  a commensalistic factor.
D)  a symbiotic relationship.
E)  predation.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

Age structure diagrams with a broad base suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  the population will continue to grow for some time.
B)  environmental resistance is not at work.
C)  the biotic potential must be larger than usual.
D)  the individuals must be larger than usual.
E)  there are many older individuals in a population.F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 8

In nature,animals tend to be either an opportunistic or equilibrium species or somewhere along an intermediate point between the two.Why aren't there animals in nature that are both big,fierce,and highly reproductive so they leave many offspring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most animals are both opportunistic and equilibrium species.
B)  There is no limitation; such an animal could evolve.
C)  It is structurally impossible for a large animal to have many young.
D)  You can "spend" your energy to be a large equilibrium species,to produce many offspring as an opportunistic species,or to be somewhere in between,but you can't spend the energy to be both large and highly reproductive.
E)  Large animals are incapable of producing large numbers of offspring.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

Overall,the most scientifically correct viewpoint toward predators is

Accepted Answer

A)  predators help keep prey populations from overexploiting limited food resources.
B)  generally,ecosystems support more and healthier populations when the large carnivores are eliminated from the system.
C)  there is a high level of cruelty and indiscriminate killing among larger predators.
D)  when we eliminate predators that could harm us and our activities,we also improve conditions for other animal populations.
E)  predators are a neutral influence on prey populations and our activities merely substitute us for the prey we eliminate.F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 10

Which term describes the concept that no two species can have the same "job" in the community at the same time?

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive exclusion
B)  habitat
C)  density-dependent factor
D)  mimicry
E)  symbiosisF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 11

Consider the consequences of a harmless prey that evolves toward mimicry of a model that has an anti-predator defense-Batesian mimicry.What happens to the effectiveness of this defense as more and more prey in the population are harmless mimics? Then consider what happens when a species with bad taste evolves to resemble a model that stings (Müllerian mimicry) .

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of Müllerian mimics is limited because they dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern,but the addition of more Batesian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex.
B)  The number of Batesian mimics is limited because they dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern,but the addition of more Müllerian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex.
C)  The number of both Batesian and Müllerian mimics is limited because both dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern.
D)  The number of both Batesian and Müllerian mimics is unlimited because they both reinforce the protection afforded by the warning color pattern.
E)  The number of Batesian mimics is unlimited,but the addition of more Müllerian mimics dilutes the protective mimicry complex.F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Black-and-yellow stripes are a common warning coloration.Among a set of insects that possess black-and-yellow patterns are: -female wasps that sting
-male wasps that do not sting
-a tasty,harmless,and nutritious leaf beetle
-an acrid blister beetle that makes you sick if you eat it
-a harmless hover fly that sounds and looks like a bee
This assortment represents

Accepted Answer

A)  all organisms that share black-and-yellow because it evolved in a common ancestor.
B)  all cases of Batesian mimicry.
C)  all cases of Müllerian mimicry.
D)  a combination of cases including both Müllerian and Batesian mimicry.
E)  warning coloration only in the cases of the female wasp and blister beetle; the other cases are not mimicry.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

A number of populations of different species interacting with one another is called

Accepted Answer

A)  competition.
B)  a community.
C)  an ecosystem.
D)  predation.
E)  symbiosis.F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 14

Biotic potential depends on all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of offspring per reproduction.
B)  how often each individual reproduces.
C)  how many different mates each individual has.
D)  chances of survival until the age of reproduction.
E)  the age at which reproduction begins.F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 15

In large natural ecosystems,competition between two species over time will usually result in

Accepted Answer

A)  death of all the members of one species within a short time.
B)  equal numbers of each species persisting for a long time.
C)  each species occupying a slightly different niche.
D)  hybridization between the two species,resulting in a third species.
E)  alternating high numbers of each species as they constantly evolve mechanisms to out-compete each other.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

Interaction between two species in which one feeds on the other is

Accepted Answer

A)  competition.
B)  a community.
C)  an ecosystem.
D)  predation.
E)  symbiosis.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is correct when describing a predator-prey cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  A decline in the number of predators causes a decline in the number of prey.
B)  A decline in the number of prey causes a decline in the number of predators.
C)  An increase in the number of predators triggers an increase in the number of prey.
D)  An up-and-down cycle will be seen for the prey animal.
E)  A seasonal die-off will occur without the other species present.F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following describes a type III survivorship curve (drawn by plotting the number of individuals in a given population alive at the beginning of each age interval) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most individuals die of old age.
B)  Many individuals die early in life.
C)  Individuals die at a constant rate throughout time.
D)  Most individuals die during their reproductive years.
E)  Most individuals die before old age,but after their reproductive years.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

A population age structure diagram in which the birthrate is less than the death rate and the post-reproductive group is the largest would be best represented by a graph with a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  bell shape.
B)  urn shape.
C)  pyramid shape.
D)  S-shaped curve.
E)  J-shaped curve.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 20

When growth proceeds at a rate similar to 2  →\rightarrow→  4  →\rightarrow→  8  →\rightarrow→ 16  →\rightarrow→  32  →\rightarrow→ 64...etc.,it is called

Accepted Answer

A)  arithmetic growth.
B)  additive growth.
C)  exponential growth.
D)  zero population growth.
E)  carrying capacity. F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Exam 34: Population Ecology

A population age structure diagram in which the birthrate is less than the death rate and the post-reproductive group is the largest would be best represented by a graph with a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following describes a type III survivorship curve (drawn by plotting the number of individuals in a given population alive at the beginning of each age interval) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Interaction between two species in which one feeds on the other is

Correct Answer
verified

Age structure diagrams with a broad base suggest that

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT an anti-predator defense mechanism?

Correct Answer
verified

When growth proceeds at a rate similar to 2 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 8 $\rightarrow$ 16 $\rightarrow$ 32 $\rightarrow$ 64...etc.,it is called

Correct Answer
verified

The outbreak of a disease,such as the bubonic plague,that kills large numbers of people in a city is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

In large natural ecosystems,competition between two species over time will usually result in

Correct Answer
verified

Biotic potential depends on all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

An intimate relationship between two different species is called

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is correct when describing a predator-prey cycle?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A number of populations of different species interacting with one another is called

Correct Answer
verified

Overall,the most scientifically correct viewpoint toward predators is

Correct Answer
verified

An ecosystem contains

Correct Answer
verified

In a pine forest,few other species of plants grow under the pines because the needles of pine trees are acidic and make the soil more acidic.This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In nature,animals tend to be either an opportunistic or equilibrium species or somewhere along an intermediate point between the two.Why aren't there animals in nature that are both big,fierce,and highly reproductive so they leave many offspring?

Correct Answer
verified

Which term describes the concept that no two species can have the same "job" in the community at the same time?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 34: Population Ecology

A population age structure diagram in which the birthrate is less than the death rate and the post-reproductive group is the largest would be best represented by a graph with a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following describes a type III survivorship curve (drawn by plotting the number of individuals in a given population alive at the beginning of each age interval) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Interaction between two species in which one feeds on the other is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Age structure diagrams with a broad base suggest that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an anti-predator defense mechanism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When growth proceeds at a rate similar to 2 →\rightarrow→ 4 →\rightarrow→ 8 →\rightarrow→ 16 →\rightarrow→ 32 →\rightarrow→ 64...etc.,it is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The outbreak of a disease,such as the bubonic plague,that kills large numbers of people in a city is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In large natural ecosystems,competition between two species over time will usually result in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biotic potential depends on all of the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An intimate relationship between two different species is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is correct when describing a predator-prey cycle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A number of populations of different species interacting with one another is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Overall,the most scientifically correct viewpoint toward predators is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An ecosystem contains

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a pine forest,few other species of plants grow under the pines because the needles of pine trees are acidic and make the soil more acidic.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In nature,animals tend to be either an opportunistic or equilibrium species or somewhere along an intermediate point between the two.Why aren't there animals in nature that are both big,fierce,and highly reproductive so they leave many offspring?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which term describes the concept that no two species can have the same "job" in the community at the same time?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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When growth proceeds at a rate similar to 2 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 8 $\rightarrow$ 16 $\rightarrow$ 32 $\rightarrow$ 64...etc.,it is called

Correct Answer
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