Question 1

Which of the following statements about osmoconformers is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They do not have to adapt to the solute concentrations in the external environment.
B)  Their internal osmotic pressure matches that of the surrounding environment.
C)  They often actively regulate the concentrations of particular ions in their body fluids.
D)  They use less energy to regulate osmotic pressure than osmoregulators.
E)  Most marine invertebrates are osmoconformers.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 2

Water moves from regions of:

Accepted Answer

A)  high water concentration to regions of low water concentration.
B)  low water concentration to regions of high water concentration.
C)  high solute concentration to regions of low solute concentration.
D)  low solute concentration to regions of high solute concentration.
E)  low water concentration to regions of low solute concentration.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

One of the roles of the kidneys is to help buffer body fluids so that they are not too acidic or too basic. The cells of the renal tubule secrete H+ into the tubule lumen, and absorb bicarbonate (HCO3-), passing it into the tissue fluid. Consider the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, shown in the accompanying figure and below.  During heavy exercise, the reaction shifts to the right in the nephron (lumen of the tubule).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

ADH controls how diluted or concentrated urine is by controlling the permeability of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting ducts to water.
B)  collecting ducts to electrolytes.
C)  collecting ducts to urea.
D)  loops of Henle to water.
E)  loops of Henle to electrolytes.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 5

Most mammals excrete _____; most aquatic animals excrete _____; birds, insects, and many reptiles excrete _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid; urea; ammonia
B)  uric acid; ammonia; urea
C)  urea; uric acid; ammonia
D)  urea; ammonia; uric acid
E)  ammonia; urea; uric acidF) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 6

Nitrogenous wastes are produced through the breakdown of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins
B)  glucose
C)  lipids
D)  carbohydrates
E)  All of these choices are correct.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

The majority of fluid that enters the nephron:

Accepted Answer

A)  moves into the loop of Henle.
B)  is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule.
C)  exits the nephron through the collecting duct.
D)  is reabsorbed by the descending loop of Henle.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Which large group of animals consists largely of osmoconformers?

Accepted Answer

A)  marine invertebrates
B)  bony fish
C)  mammals
D)  insects
E)  amphibiansF) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 9

The specialized salt glands that allow marine birds to drink seawater are found in the nasal cavity; in humans, these glands are found in the esophagus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Nephrons:

Accepted Answer

A)  extend from the cortex into the medulla.
B)  are located entirely within the cortex.
C)  are located entirely within the medulla.
D)  are located within the renal pelvis.
E)  None of the answer options is correct.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

In the vertebrate kidney, reabsorption and secretion take place in the renal tubules; after that, the filtrate enters the collecting ducts as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the vertebrate kidney, reabsorption and secretion...

Question 12

Which of the following statements about Malpighian tubules is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  All these choices are correct.
B)  They are a series of tubes that empty into the hindgut of insects.
C)  They actively secrete uric acid and excess electrolytes while retaining key solutes.
D)  They allow insects to live in dry terrestrial environments.
E)  They allow nitrogenous wastes to be excreted with minimal water loss.F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 13

The first part of the renal tubule is called the _____ and is specialized for _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule; reabsorption of electrolytes and other nutrients
B)  loop of Henle; creation of a concentration gradient in the interstitial fluid
C)  distal convoluted tubule; secretion of additional wastes into the urine
D)  distal convoluted tubule; reabsorption of water
E)  collecting duct; reabsorption of waterF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following is an advantage of producing very concentrated urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  minimizing water loss
B)  reducing the need to drink
C)  ability to live in drier environments
D)  All of these choices are correct.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

The mammalian kidney has an outer layer called the _____ and an inner layer called the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex; medulla
B)  pelvis; glomerulus
C)  epithelium; endothelium
D)  medulla; pelvis
E)  glomerulus; cortexF) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

Metanephridia differ from protonephridia in all of the following ways EXCEPT that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the urine produced in both systems is more dilute than the body fluids.
B)  metanephridia are surrounded by an extensive capillary network, whereas protonephridia are not.
C)  selective reabsorption of materials occurs via cells lining the tubules in protonephridia and via capillaries in metanephridia.
D)  fluid enters metanephridia through a funnel-shaped opening.
E)  fluid from the body cavity enters protonephridia without first being filtered.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 17

The loop of Henle is a countercurrent exchanger because it creates a concentration gradient rather than simply maintaining it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following structures are NOT associated with ion regulation in animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  nasal salt glands
B)  Malpighian tubules
C)  tear ducts
D)  kidneysE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 19

Uric acid produced by insect Malpighian tubules does not influence the movement of water from the hindgut because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is eliminated by the tubules before water reaches the hindgut.
B)  it precipitates due to the low pH of the fluid and therefore does not contribute to osmotic pressure.
C)  water moves only in response to the osmotic pressure created by proteins and sugars in the hindgut.
D)  uric acid is equally concentrated in the hindgut and in the body fluids.
E)  None of the answer options is correct.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excretion of urea requires less water than excretion of uric acid.
B)  Urea is produced in the liver and eliminated in the kidneys.
C)  Uric acid can be stored at a higher concentration in tissues than urea.
D)  Ammonia is lethal to cells at high concentrations.
E)  Excretion of ammonia requires high volumes of water in the surrounding environment.F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Exam 41: Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Uric acid produced by insect Malpighian tubules does not influence the movement of water from the hindgut because:

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is an advantage of producing very concentrated urine?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Correct Answer
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ADH controls how diluted or concentrated urine is by controlling the permeability of the:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about Malpighian tubules is CORRECT?

Correct Answer
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Metanephridia differ from protonephridia in all of the following ways EXCEPT that:

Correct Answer
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Water moves from regions of:

Correct Answer
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The majority of fluid that enters the nephron:

Correct Answer
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The first part of the renal tubule is called the _ and is specialized for _.

Correct Answer
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Which of the following structures are NOT associated with ion regulation in animals?

Correct Answer
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The specialized salt glands that allow marine birds to drink seawater are found in the nasal cavity; in humans, these glands are found in the esophagus.

Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements about osmoconformers is FALSE?

Correct Answer
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The loop of Henle is a countercurrent exchanger because it creates a concentration gradient rather than simply maintaining it.

Correct Answer
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Nephrons:

Correct Answer
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In the vertebrate kidney, reabsorption and secretion take place in the renal tubules; after that, the filtrate enters the collecting ducts as _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Which large group of animals consists largely of osmoconformers?

Correct Answer
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Most mammals excrete ___; most aquatic animals excrete _; birds, insects, and many reptiles excrete ___.

Correct Answer
verified

The mammalian kidney has an outer layer called the _ and an inner layer called the _.

Correct Answer
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Nitrogenous wastes are produced through the breakdown of which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 41: Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Uric acid produced by insect Malpighian tubules does not influence the movement of water from the hindgut because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an advantage of producing very concentrated urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

ADH controls how diluted or concentrated urine is by controlling the permeability of the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about Malpighian tubules is CORRECT?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Metanephridia differ from protonephridia in all of the following ways EXCEPT that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water moves from regions of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The majority of fluid that enters the nephron:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first part of the renal tubule is called the _____ and is specialized for _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following structures are NOT associated with ion regulation in animals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The specialized salt glands that allow marine birds to drink seawater are found in the nasal cavity; in humans, these glands are found in the esophagus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about osmoconformers is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The loop of Henle is a countercurrent exchanger because it creates a concentration gradient rather than simply maintaining it.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nephrons:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the vertebrate kidney, reabsorption and secretion take place in the renal tubules; after that, the filtrate enters the collecting ducts as _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which large group of animals consists largely of osmoconformers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most mammals excrete _____; most aquatic animals excrete _____; birds, insects, and many reptiles excrete _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mammalian kidney has an outer layer called the _____ and an inner layer called the _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nitrogenous wastes are produced through the breakdown of which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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The first part of the renal tubule is called the _ and is specialized for _.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Most mammals excrete ___; most aquatic animals excrete _; birds, insects, and many reptiles excrete ___.

Correct Answer
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The mammalian kidney has an outer layer called the _ and an inner layer called the _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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